How Does Aluminum Phosphide Control Gophers?

Aluminum phosphide works by releasing phosphine gas (PH₃) when it comes into contact with soil moisture or atmospheric humidity. This gas is highly toxic to rodents such as gophers, killing them through respiratory inhibition when they inhale it within their tunnels.

Mechanism of Action:

• Aluminum phosphide tablets or pellets are inserted into active gopher burrows.

• Upon exposure to moisture, the product reacts to release phosphine gas.

• The odorless and colorless gas spreads throughout the burrow system.

• The gopher, which spends most of its time underground, inhales the toxic gas, leading to death within hours.

This method ensures the pest dies within its own tunnel, reducing surface contamination and carcass handling.

Application Guidelines for Gopher Control

To use aluminum phosphide safely and effectively, follow these standard procedures:

1. Identify Active Gopher Burrows

• Look for fresh mounds of soil or feeding damage.

• Use a probe or rod to locate the main tunnel.

2. Apply the Aluminum Phosphide

• Place the required number of pellets or tablets deep into the tunnel (usually 2–4 per opening, depending on the label).

• Seal the tunnel entrance with soil to trap the gas inside.

3. Monitor for Activity

• Check treated areas after 24–72 hours.

• If new mounds appear, repeat treatment.

Important: Only treat active burrows, and avoid applying during rainy weather or when the soil is overly wet, as excess moisture may cause rapid gas release and loss.

Safety and Precautions

Aluminum phosphide is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) in many regions due to its high toxicity. Always follow label instructions and legal regulations.

Key Safety Tips:

• Only licensed professionals should apply aluminum phosphide.

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves and respirators when required.

• Do not use in or near buildings, homes, or occupied structures.

• Keep out of reach of children, pets, and non-target wildlife.

• Follow all fumigation buffer zone regulations.

Advantages of Using Aluminum Phosphide for Gophers

• High effectiveness: One of the most lethal and reliable methods for underground rodent control.

• Minimal surface disruption: No bait boxes or traps are visible.

• Cost-efficient for large areas: Especially in orchards, pastures, golf courses, and dikes.

Alternative Gopher Control Methods

While aluminum phosphide is highly effective, you may also consider:

• Baited toxicants (e.g., zinc phosphide)

• Mechanical traps

• Carbon monoxide generators

• Exclusion fencing for localized protection

However, for broad-acre and deep burrow systems, aluminum phosphide remains one of the most effective solutions.

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• Aluminum phosphide tablets or pellets

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