E ui lava o nematodes parasitic o loʻo aʻafia i lamatiaga nematode, e le o ni faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, ae o faʻamaʻi toto.

O fa'ama'i o le nematode o la'au e fa'atatau i se ituaiga o nematode e mafai ona fa'ama'i ai a'au eseese o la'au, fa'atupu fa'ama'i la'au, ma fa'asalalauina isi fa'ama'i fa'ama'i a'o a'afia ai le tagata talimalo, ma mafua ai fa'ailoga fa'ama'i.O nematodes parasitic ua maua i le taimi nei e aofia ai nematodes a'a, laau paina nematodes, soya cyst nematodes ma stem nematodes, forerunner nematodes ma isi.

Ave le nematode root-knot e fai ma faʻataʻitaʻiga:

Root-knot nematodes o se vaega taua tele o nematodes pathogenic laau e salalau lautele i le lalolagi atoa.I totonu o le teropika ma subtropical eria ma le tele o timuga ma le tau malulu, o le afaina o le nematode aʻa e matua ogaoga lava.

Talu ai o le tele o faʻamaʻi nematode e tupu i aʻa o laʻau, e faigata ona faʻaaogaina vailaau faʻasaina.Ma e matua faigofie lava mo augatupulaga ona faʻapipiʻi i totonu o greenhouses fualaau faisua, lea e matua tupu tele, o lea e masani ona faigata ona pulea nematodes aʻa.

Root-knot nematode e tele le tele o 'au, ma e mafai ona fa'asalaina le sili atu i le 3000 ituaiga o 'au e pei o fualaau faisua, mea'ai mea'ai, tinoitupe, fuala'au 'aina, laau teuteu ma vao.A maeʻa ona aʻafia fualaau faisua i le nematode aʻa, o laʻau i luga o le eleele e pupuu, o lala ma lau e faʻafefe pe samasama, o le tuputupu aʻe e faʻateteleina, o le lanu o lau lau e mama e pei o le leai o se vai, o le tuputupu aʻe o laau mamaʻi tigaina. vaivai, o la'au e magumagu i le lamala, ma le laau atoa e mate i tulaga ogaoga.

E mafai ona vaevaeina nemicides masani i fumigants ma non fumigants e tusa ai ma auala eseese o le faaaogaina.

Fumigante

O lo'o aofia ai mea fa'a-halogenated hydrocarbons ma isothiocyanates, ae le'o fumigants e aofia ai le phosphorus ma le carbamate.Methyl bromide ma chloropicrin o halogenated hydrocarbons, lea e mafai ona faʻalavelaveina le faʻapipiʻiina o porotini o nematodes nonoa aʻa ma le gaioiga faʻaola i le manava;Carbosulfan ma Mianlong o loʻo iai i le methyl isothiocyanate fumigants, lea e mafai ona faʻalavelaveina le manava o nematodes nonoa aʻa i le oti.

Ituaiga e le fumigation

Faatasi ai ma nematicides e le fumigant, thiazolphos, phoxim, phoxim machlorpyrifose aofia i le phosphorus organic, carbofuran, aldicarb ma carbofuran o le carbamate.O nematicides e leai ni fumigant e fa'aleagaina ai le fa'aogaina o le tino o nematodes nonoa a'a e ala i le fusifusia i le acetylcholinesterase i synapses o nematodes nonoa a'a.E masani lava latou te le faʻaumatia nematodes nonoa aʻa, ae naʻo nematodes nonoa aʻa e leiloa le malosi e suʻe ai le talimalo ma faʻamaʻi, o lea e masani ai ona taʻua o "nematode paralysis agents".

I le taimi nei, e le tele ni nematicides fou, e aofia ai le fluorenyl sulfone, spiroethyl ester, bifluorosulfone ma le fluconazole o taʻitaʻi.Abamectinma thiazolophos e masani foi ona faʻaaogaina.E le gata i lea, e tusa ai ma vailaau faʻasaina, Penicillium lilacinus ma Bacillus thuringiensis HAN055 ua resitalaina i Konuo e iai foʻi le malosi o maketi.