Ukhukhamba aevamileimifino ethandwayo.In inqubo yokutshala ukhukhamba, izifo ezihlukahlukene zizovela nakanjani, ezizothinta izithelo zekhukhamba, iziqu, amaqabunga nezithombo.Ukuze uqinisekise ukukhiqizwa kwamakhukhamba, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukhukhamba kahle.WIzifo zekhukhamba nezindlela zazo zokulawula?Ake sibheke ndawonye!

1. Ikhukhamba i-downy mildew

Kokubili isigaba sezithombo kanye nesigaba sesitshalo esikhulile singathinteka, ikakhulukazi kulimaze amaqabunga.

Izimpawu: Ngemva kokuba amaqabunga onakalisiwe, amabala acwiliswe ngamanzi avela ekuqaleni, futhi amachashaza kancane kancane ayakhula, abonise amachashazi a-polygonal ansundu ngokukhanyayo.Uma umswakama uphezulu, ungqimba lwesikhunta olumpunga-omnyama lukhula ngemuva noma ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga.Uma kunzima esigabeni sokugcina, izilonda ziyaphuka noma zixhumeke.

Ukulawula amakhemikhali:

I-Propamocarb hydrochloride , Mancozeb+Dimethomorph,I-Azoxystrobin, i-Metalaxyl-M+I-Propamocarb hydrochloride

2.Ikhukhambamhlophepowdery isikhutha

Ingatheleleka kusukela esigabeni sezithombo kuya esigabeni sokuvuna, kanti amaqabunga yiwona athinteka kakhulu, alandelwe ama-petioles neziqu, futhi izithelo azithinteki kakhulu.

Izimpawu: Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, amachashaza amancane amhlophe acishe abe yindilinga avela ezinhlangothini zamaqabunga, futhi kunamaqabunga amaningi.Kamuva, inweba ibe imiphetho engabonakali kanye nempushana emhlophe eqhubekayo.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iqabunga lonke limbozwa ngempushana emhlophe, bese liphenduka libe mpunga esigabeni sakamuva.Amaqabunga agulayo abunile futhi aphuzi, kodwa ngokuvamile awawi.Izimpawu kuma-petioles neziqu ziyefana nalezo ezisemaqabungeni.

Ukulawula amakhemikhali:

I-Pyraclostrobin, I-Chlorothalonil, Thiophanatemethyl ,Propineb

 

3.Ikhukhambaebomvupowdery isikhutha

Izimpawu: Ikakhulukazi yonakalisa amaqabunga ekhukhamba ngesikhathi sokukhula sekwephuzile.Kuvela izilonda eziluhlaza okotshani kuye kwezinsundu ngokukhanyayo emaqabunga.Lapho umswakama uphezulu, izilonda ziba mncane, imiphetho igcwele amanzi, futhi kulula ukuphuka.Uma umswakama ophezulu uhlala isikhathi eside, kuba lula ukuthi isikhunta esilula esisawolintshi sikhule ezilonda, ezikhula ngokushesha futhi zenze amaqabunga abole noma ome.

Amakoloni aqala abe mhlophe bese ephenduka ebomvana.

Ama-ejenti okuvimbela:

Iprodione, Azoxystrobin,Chlorothalonil

4.I-Cucumber blight

Ikhukhamba umvini okulimaza ikakhulukazi kulimaze iziqu kanye namahlamvu.

Isifo samaqabunga: Esikhathini sokuqala, kunezilonda ezicishe zibe yindilinga noma ezingajwayelekile ezinsundu ngokukhanyayo, ezinye zazo ezakha umumo othi "V" ukusuka onqenqemeni lweqabunga ngaphakathi.Kamuva, izilonda ziphuka kalula, iphethini yendandatho ayibonakali, futhi amachashazi amnyama akhula kuwo.

Izifo zeziqu namathenda: ikakhulukazi esisekelweni noma ezindaweni zeziqu, i-oval kuya ku-fusiform, ukushona kancane, izilonda ezifakwe uwoyela zivela, ngezinye izikhathi zichichima i-amber resin jelly, lapho isifo sinzima, ama-stem nodes aphenduka abe mnyama, abole, Kulula. uzophula.Ibangela ukuphuzi kanye necrosis yamaqabunga ngaphezu kwamabala okulimala, izibopho zemithambo yezitshalo ezigulayo zijwayelekile futhi azishintshi umbala, futhi izimpande zijwayelekile.

Ama-ejenti okuvimbela:

I-AzoxystrobinI-Difenoconazole

 

5.Ikhukhamba anthracnose

Ukhukhamba angonakaliswa kokubili esigabeni sezithombo kanye nesigaba sesitshalo esikhulile, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga, kodwa nama-petioles, iziqu, kanye namapheshana ekhabe.

Izici zesigameko:

Isifo sezithombo: Izilonda ezinsundu ezimise okwe-semicircular zivela onqenqemeni lwe-cotyledon, enamachashazi amnyama noma into enamathelayo ebomvu ekhanyayo, futhi isisekelo sesiqu siphenduka sibe nsundu ngokukhanyayo bese sishwabana, okwenza ukuba izithombo zekhabe ziwe.

Izehlakalo zezitshalo ezindala: Amaqabunga abonakala ephuzi ngokukhanyayo, ecwiliswe ngamanzi, futhi enezilonda eziyindilinga ekuqaleni, abese ephenduka ansundu ngokuphuzi nama-halos aphuzi.Uma isomile, izilonda ziyaqhekeka futhi zibhoboze;uma imanzi, izilonda zikhipha into enamathelayo ebomvana.Ukuqala kwemicu yekhabe: Kukhiqizwa izilonda eziluhlaza ezicwiliswe ngamanzi, kamuva eziphenduka zibe nsundu ngokumnyama ezike kancane eziyindilinga noma eziseduze.Esigabeni sakamuva, izithelo ezigulayo ziyagoba futhi zikhubazekile, ziqhekeke, futhi into enamathelayo ebomvana ikhiqizwa lapho imanzi.

Ama-ejenti okuvimbela:

I-Pyraclostrobin,metiram,Mancozeb,Propineb