Erin Lizotte, Tsawaita Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, Sashen Ilimin Halittu na MSU Dave Smitley da Jill O'Donnell, Tsawowar MSU - Afrilu 1, 2015
Spider mites spruce sune mahimman kwari na bishiyoyin Kirsimeti na Michigan.Rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari na iya taimaka wa masu noman su kare ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani, ta yadda za su taimaka wajen shawo kan wannan muhimmin kwaro.
A Michigan, spruce gizo-gizo mite (Oligonuchus umunguis) wani muhimmin kwaro ne na bishiyoyin coniferous.Wannan ƙananan kwarin yana mamaye duk bishiyoyin Kirsimeti da ake samarwa a kasuwa kuma galibi suna haifar da asarar tattalin arziƙi wajen noman spruce da Fraser fir.A cikin gonakin da aka saba gudanarwa a al'adance, yawan ƙwari ba su da yawa saboda amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, don haka gizo-gizo gizo-gizo yawanci kwari ne.Kwayoyin da ba a iya gani ba suna da amfani ga masu noma saboda suna ciyar da kwari kuma suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan jama'a.Idan ba tare da su ba, yawan mite spruce gizo-gizo zai fashe ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da lalacewa ga bishiyoyi.
Yayin da bazara ke gabatowa, masu noman ya kamata su shirya don haɓaka shirin farautar mite.Don gano mites spruce gizo-gizo, masu shuka yakamata su gwada bishiyoyi da yawa a kowace shuka kuma su tabbata sun zaɓi bishiyoyi daga tsayi daban-daban da layuka a ciki da waje.Manyan samfuran bishiyar za su ƙara daidaiton masu noman lokacin da ake tantance yawan jama'a da haɗarin haɗari.Ya kamata a gudanar da bincike a duk lokacin kakar, ba kawai bayan bayyanar cututtuka ba, saboda yawanci ya yi latti don ingantaccen magani.Hanya mafi sauƙi don gano mitsin manya da matasa shine girgiza ko doke rassan akan allo ko takarda (hoto 1).
Kwai mite spruce gizo-gizo karamin ball ne mai haske mai gashi a tsakiya.Ƙwayoyin ƙyanƙyashe za su bayyana a sarari (hoto na 2).A lokacin motsa jiki, gizo-gizo mite yana da ƙananan ƙananan kuma yana da siffar jiki mai laushi.Baligi spruce gizo-gizo mite ne m siffar m tare da gashi a saman ciki.Sautunan fata sun bambanta, amma Tetranychus spruce yawanci kore ne, koren duhu ko kusan baki, kuma baya taɓa fari, ruwan hoda ko ja mai haske.Kwayoyin dabbobi masu fa'ida yawanci fari ne, fari masu madara, ruwan hoda ko ja mai haske, kuma ana iya bambanta su da kwaro ta hanyar lura da ayyukansu.Lokacin da damuwa, manyan kwari masu lalata suna tafiya da sauri fiye da kwaro, kuma ana iya lura da sauri a kan allo.Jan spruce gizo-gizo yakan yi rarrafe a hankali.
Hoto 2. Adult spruce gizo-gizo mites da ƙwai.Tushen hoto: USDA FS-Arewa maso Gabas Archives, Bugwood.org
Alamomin lalacewar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo sun hada da chlorosis, allura pricks da canza launin har ma da facin ganyen launin ruwan kasa, wanda a ƙarshe zai iya bazuwa ga bishiyar gabaɗaya.Lokacin lura da rauni ta hanyar madubi na hannu, alamun suna bayyana a matsayin ƙananan rawaya zagaye a kusa da wurin ciyarwa (hoto 3).Ta hanyar kulawa da hankali, kula da juriya da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ba su da lahani ga mites na dabi'a, ana iya hana ƙwayar spruce gizo-gizo daga lalacewa.Hanya mafi sauƙi don ƙayyade bukatun gudanarwa ita ce tantance ko bincike ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a na karuwa ko kuma yana cikin wani mataki na lalacewa.Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yawan mite na spruce gizo-gizo yana canzawa da sauri, don haka kallon lalacewar bishiyar ba ta nuna daidai ko ana buƙatar magani ba, saboda yawan mutanen da suka mutu tun lokacin na iya haifar da lalacewa, don haka fesa ba shi da ma'ana. .
Hoto 3. An lalata allurar ciyar da mite spruce.Hoton hoto: John A. Weidhass na Virginia Tech da Jami'ar Jihar Bugwood.org
Teburin da ke gaba ya ƙunshi zaɓuɓɓukan magani na yanzu, nau'in sinadarainsu, matakin rayuwa mai niyya, ingancin dangi, lokacin sarrafawa da alaƙar guba ga mitsi masu fa'ida.Idan ba a yi amfani da maganin kwari ba, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo ba kasafai ake samun matsala ba, domin mitsitsin kwari za su kiyaye su.Yi ƙoƙarin guje wa fesa magungunan kashe qwari don ƙarfafa sarrafa yanayi.
Chlorpyrifos 4E AG, Government 4E, Hatchet, Lorsban Advanced, Lorsban 4E, Lorsban 75WG, Nufos 4E, Quali-Pro Chlorpyrifos 4E, Warhawk, Whirlwind, Yuma 4E kwari, Vulcan (guba rif)
Avid 0.15EC, Ardent 0.15EC, kayan ado na gaskiya, Nufarm Abamectin, Minx Quali-Pro Abamectin 0.15EC, Timectin 0.15ECT & O (abamectin)
Godiya Pro, Ƙarfafa 2F, Ƙarfafa 4F, Mallet 75WSP, Nuprid 1.6F, Pasada 1.6F, Prey, Provado 1.6F, Sherpa, Bazawara, Wrangler (imidacloprid)
1 Siffofin motsi sun haɗa da tsutsa mite, nymphs da matakan manya.2S yana da ingantacciyar lafiya ga mite mafarauta, M yana da matsakaici matsakaici, kuma H yana da guba sosai.3Avermectin, thiazole da tetronic acid acaricides suna da hankali, don haka kada masu shuka su yi mamakin idan mites suna raye bayan an shafa su.Yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 don ganin cikakken mace-mace.4 Man lambu na iya haifar da phytotoxicity, musamman idan aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin rani, kuma yana iya rage launin shuɗi a cikin shuɗin spruce.Yawancin lokaci yana da lafiya don fesa man kayan lambu mai ladabi sosai tare da maida hankali na 1% a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma lokacin da maida hankali ya kasance 2% ko mafi girma, yana iya lalata furen da ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin lu'ulu'u na spruce kankara kuma ya haifar da mummunan bayyanar cututtuka. ..5 Ya kamata a karanta lakabin Apollo kuma a bi shi a hankali don tabbatar da amfani da kyau da rage jinkirin haɓakar juriya.
Pyrethroids, organophosphates da abamectins duk suna da kyakkyawan aiki na ƙwanƙwasa da sauran sarrafa mites spruce gizo-gizo a cikin matakin rayuwa mai aiki, amma tasirin su na mutuwa akan mites masu farauta ya sa su zama zaɓin rashin kulawa.Saboda raguwar abokan gaba na dabi'a da kuma yawan mites na dabbobi, ƙwayar spruce gizo-gizo gizo-gizo ya barke, amfani da waɗannan kayan yawanci yana buƙatar ci gaba da sarrafa shi a wannan kakar.Neonicotine, wanda ya ƙunshi imidacloprid a matsayin sinadari mai tasiri, kuma zaɓi mara kyau don sarrafa mites spruce gizo-gizo, kuma a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da fashewar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo.
Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, carbamates, quinolones, pyridazinones, quinazolines da ethoxazole mai kula da ci gaban kwari duk suna nuna sakamako mai kyau akan Tetranychus spruce da matsakaici zuwa mites.guba.Yin amfani da waɗannan kayan zai rage haɗarin fashewar mite kuma ya samar da makonni uku zuwa hudu na kulawar saura ga duk matakan rayuwa na spruce gizo-gizo mites, amma etozol yana da iyakacin aiki a cikin manya.
Tetronic acid, thiazole, sulfite da man horticultural suma suna nuna kyakkyawan sakamako akan ragowar tsayin mite na gizo-gizo.Man kayan lambu suna da haɗarin phytotoxicity da chlorosis, don haka yakamata masu shuka su yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da sabbin samfura ko akan nau'ikan da ba a kula dasu ba.Tetronic acid, thiazole, sulfite da man horticultural suma suna da ƙarin fa'idodi masu mahimmanci, wato, yana da ƙarancin haɗari ga ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana da ƙarancin yuwuwar haifar da fashewar mite.
Masu shuka za su iya gano cewa ana buƙatar magani fiye da ɗaya, musamman lokacin da yawan jama'a ya yi yawa, ko kuma lokacin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ba su da tasiri a kowane mataki na rayuwa.Da fatan za a karanta lakabin a hankali, saboda ana iya amfani da wasu samfuran a nau'i ɗaya kawai a kowane kakar.A farkon bazara, bincika allura da twigs don qwai na Tetranychus spruce.Idan ƙwayayen suna da yawa, sai a shafa man kayan lambu a ƙanƙanta kashi 2% don kashe su kafin ƙyanƙyashe.Man lambu mai inganci tare da maida hankali na 2% yana da lafiya ga yawancin bishiyar Kirsimeti, sai dai shuɗi spruce, wanda ya rasa ɗanɗano mai shuɗi bayan an fesa shi da mai.
Don jinkirta ci gaban anti-acaricides, Sashen Ci Gaban Jami'ar Jihar Michigan yana ƙarfafa masu shuka su bi shawarwarin lakabi, iyakance adadin takamaiman samfuran da ake amfani da su a cikin wani lokaci, kuma zaɓi acaricides daga maganin kwari fiye da ɗaya.Misali, yayin da yawan jama'a suka fara komawa, masu noman za su iya takin mai a cikin bazara sannan su shafa tetronic acid.Aikace-aikace na gaba yakamata ya fito daga wani nau'in banda tetrahydroacid.
Dokokin kashe kwari suna canzawa koyaushe, kuma bayanin da aka bayar a cikin wannan labarin ba zai maye gurbin umarnin alamar ba.Domin kare kanku, da wasu da muhalli, da fatan za a tabbatar da karantawa ku bi alamar.
Wannan abu ya dogara ne akan aikin da Cibiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Ƙasa ta Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Amurka ta tallafa a ƙarƙashin lambar yarjejeniya 2013-41534-21068.Duk wani ra'ayi, bincike, ƙarshe, ko shawarwarin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan ɗaba'ar na marubucin ne kuma ba lallai ba ne ya yi daidai da ra'ayoyin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka.
Jami'ar Jihar Michigan ta tsawaita kuma ta buga wannan labarin.Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci https://extension.msu.edu.Don isar da taƙaitaccen saƙon kai tsaye zuwa akwatin saƙo na imel ɗin ku, da fatan za a ziyarci https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters.Don tuntuɓar masana a yankinku, da fatan za a ziyarci https://extension.msu.edu/experts ko a kira 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).
Makarantar Binciken ta ƙunshi 22 webinars daga masanan kare amfanin gona daga jami'o'i 11 a yankin Midwest, wanda CPN ta samar.
Jami'ar Jihar Michigan mataki ne na tabbatarwa, daidaitaccen ma'aikaci, wanda ya himmatu don ƙarfafa kowa da kowa don cimma cikakkiyar damarsa ta hanyar ma'aikata daban-daban da kuma al'adun da suka haɗa da juna don cimma kyakkyawan aiki.
Shirye-shiryen fadada Jami'ar Jihar Michigan da kayan aiki a buɗe suke ga kowa da kowa, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata, launi, asalin ƙasa, jinsi, asalin jinsi, addini, shekaru, tsawo, nauyi, nakasa, imani na siyasa, yanayin jima'i, matsayin aure, matsayin iyali, ko ritaya. Matsayin soja.Tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka, an ba da ita ta hanyar haɓaka MSU daga 8 ga Mayu zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 1914. Quentin Tyler, Darakta na wucin gadi, Sashen Ci gaban MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Wannan bayanin don dalilai ne na ilimi kawai.ambaton samfuran kasuwanci ko sunayen kasuwanci baya nufin cewa MSU Extension sun amince da su ko samfuran ni'imar da ba a ambata ba.