Nematodes ndi nyama zochulukirachulukira kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo nematodes zimapezeka kulikonse komwe kuli madzi padziko lapansi.Pakati pawo, chomera cha parasitic nematodes chimapanga 10%, ndipo chimawononga kukula kwa mbewu kudzera mu parasitism, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma paulimi ndi nkhalango.Pozindikira matenda am'munda, matenda a nematode amasokonekera mosavuta ndi kusowa kwa zinthu, khansa ya mizu, clubroot, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asadziwe bwino kapena kuwongolera mwadzidzidzi.Kuonjezera apo, mabala a mizu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kudyetsedwa kwa nematode amapereka mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda opatsirana m'nthaka monga bacteria wilt, blight, root rot, damping-off, ndi canker, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwonjezera kuvutika kwa kupewa ndi kuwongolera.

Malinga ndi lipoti, padziko lonse lapansi, kuwonongeka kwachuma chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nematode ndi ndalama zokwana madola 157 biliyoni a ku America, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.1/10 ya gawo la msika wamankhwala, pakadali malo akulu.M'munsimu muli ena mwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pochiza nematode.

1.1 Fosthiazate

Fosthiazate ndi organophosphorus nematicide yomwe njira yake yayikulu ndikulepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka acetylcholinesterase wa mizu-fundo nematodes.Ili ndi machitidwe adongosolo ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nematodes ya mizu.Popeza Thiazophosphine idapangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi Ishihara, Japan ku 1991, idalembetsedwa m'maiko ambiri ndi madera monga Europe ndi United States.Chiyambireni ku China mu 2002, fosthiazate yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera nematodes m'nthaka ku China chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso kukwera mtengo kwake.Zikuyembekezeka kuti ikhalabe chinthu chachikulu pakuwongolera dothi la nematode m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.Malinga ndi zomwe zachokera ku China Pesticide Information Network, kuyambira Januware 2022, pali makampani 12 apakhomo omwe adalembetsa ukadaulo wa fosthiazate, ndi zokonzekera zolembetsedwa 158, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zopanga monga emulsifiable concentrate, water-emulsion, microemulsion, granule, ndi microcapsule.Suspending agent, soluble agent, pawiri chinthu makamaka abamectin.

Fosthiazate amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi amino-oligosaccharins, alginic acid, amino acid, humic acids, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito za mulching, kulimbikitsa mizu ndi kukonza nthaka.Idzakhala chitsogozo chofunikira pa chitukuko cha mafakitale mtsogolomu.Maphunziro a Zheng Huo et al.awonetsa kuti nematicide yophatikizidwa ndi thiazophosphine ndi amino-oligosaccharidins imakhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera pa nematodes ya citrus, ndipo imatha kuletsa nematodes mkati ndi panthaka ya citrus, ndikuwongolera kupitilira 80%.Ndiwopambana kuposa thiazophosphine ndi amino-oligosaccharin single agents, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukula kwa mizu ndi kuchira kwamphamvu kwamitengo.

1.2 Abamectin

Abamectin ndi macrocyclic lactone pawiri ndi insecticidal, acaricidal ndi nematicidal zochita, ndipo amakwaniritsa cholinga kupha polimbikitsa tizilombo kumasula γ-aminobutyric acid.Abamectin amapha nematodes mu rhizosphere ya mbewu ndi dothi makamaka kudzera mukuphana.Pofika mu Januware 2022, chiwerengero cha mankhwala a abamectin omwe amalembetsedwa m'dziko muno ndi pafupifupi 1,900, ndipo opitilira 100 adalembetsedwa kuti azitha kuyang'anira nematodes.Pakati pawo, kuphatikiza kwa abamectin ndi thiazophosphine kwapeza zabwino zowonjezera ndipo kwakhala gawo lofunikira lachitukuko.

Pakati pazinthu zambiri za abamectin, zomwe zimayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri ndi abamectin B2.Abamectin B2 imaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri zazikulu monga B2a ndi B2b, B2a/B2b ndi zazikulu kuposa 25, B2a imakhala yokwanira kwambiri, B2b ndiyochulukira, B2 imakhala yapoizoni komanso yapoizoni, kawopsedwe ndi wotsika kuposa B1, kawopsedwe amachepa. , ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kotetezeka komanso kosakonda zachilengedwe .

Mayesero atsimikizira kuti B2, monga mankhwala atsopano a abamectin, ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a nematicide, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ophera tizilombo ndi osiyana ndi a B1.Nematode ya zomera imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chamsika.

1.3 Fluopyram

Fluopyram ndi pawiri ndi latsopano limagwirira ntchito opangidwa ndi Bayer Crop Science, amene akhoza kusankha ziletsa zovuta II wa kupuma unyolo mu nematode mitochondria, chifukwa mofulumira kutha mphamvu mu maselo nematode.Fluopyram imawonetsa kusuntha kosiyanasiyana m'nthaka kuposa mitundu ina, ndipo imatha kugawidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mofanana mu rhizosphere, kuteteza mizu ku matenda a nematode mogwira mtima komanso kwa nthawi yayitali.

1.4 Tluazaindolizine

Tluazaindolizine ndi pyridimidazole amide (kapena sulfonamide) nonfumigant nematicide yopangidwa ndi Corteva, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasamba, mitengo yazipatso, mbatata, tomato, mphesa, malalanje, mphodza, udzu, zipatso zamwala, fodya , ndi mbewu zakumunda, ndi zina zambiri. chepetsani ma nematode a fodya, ma nematode a mbatata, soya cyst nematodes, strawberry slippery nematodes, pine wood nematodes, grain nematodes ndi short-body (rot rot) nematodes, etc.

Fotokozerani mwachidule

Kuwongolera kwa nematode ndi nkhondo yayitali.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulamulira kwa nematode sikuyenera kudalira kumenyana kwa munthu payekha.Ndikofunikira kupanga njira yopewera ndi kuwongolera yophatikiza chitetezo cha zomera, kukonza nthaka, kudyetsa mbewu, ndi kasamalidwe ka minda.M'kanthawi kochepa, kuwongolera mankhwala akadali njira yofunika kwambiri yoyendetsera nematode ndi zotsatira zofulumira komanso zogwira mtima;m'kupita kwanthawi, kulamulira kwachilengedwe kudzakwaniritsa chitukuko chofulumira.Kufulumizitsa kafukufuku ndi kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera, kukulitsa zoyesayesa zamalonda, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira othandizira kudzakhala cholinga chothana ndi vuto la kukana kwa mitundu ina ya nematicide.