Ama-Nematode yizilwane ezitholakala kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ama-nematodes akhona noma yikuphi lapho kunamanzi emhlabeni.Phakathi kwazo, i-plant parasitic nematodes yenza i-10%, futhi idala umonakalo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa i-parasitism, okungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu komnotho kwezolimo namahlathi.Ekuxilongweni kwensimu, izifo ze-nematode zenhlabathi zidideka kalula nokushoda kwezakhi, umdlavuza wezimpande, i-clubroot, njll., okuholela ekuxilongweni okungalungile noma ekulawuleni kungakafiki isikhathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilonda zezimpande ezibangelwa ukuphakelwa kwe-nematode zinikeza amathuba okuba khona kwezifo ezithwala umhlabathi ezifana ne-bacterial wilt, blight, ukubola kwezimpande, ukubola, kanye ne-canker, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okuyinhlanganisela futhi kwandise nakakhulu ubunzima bokuvimbela nokulawula.

Ngokombiko, emhlabeni wonke, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kwaminyaka yonke okubangelwa ukulimala kwe-nematode kungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-157 zamaRandi aseMelika, okuqhathaniswa nokulimala kwezinambuzane.I-1/10 yesabelo semakethe yezidakamizwa, sisekhona isikhala esikhulu.Ngezansi eminye yemikhiqizo ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha ama-nematode..

1.1 I-Fosthiazate

I-Fosthiazate iyi-organophosphorus nematicide indlela yayo eyinhloko yokusebenza iwukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-acetylcholinesterase ye-root-knot nematodes.Inezakhiwo zesistimu futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-root-knot nematodes.Njengoba i-Thiazophosphine yathuthukiswa futhi yakhiqizwa i-Ishihara, eJapane ngo-1991, ibhaliswe emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni ezifana ne-Europe ne-United States.Kusukela yangena eShayina ngo-2002, i-fosthiazate isiwumkhiqizo obalulekile wokulawula izinambuzane zenhlabathi e-China ngenxa yomphumela wayo omuhle kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.Kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale ingumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokulawula i-nematode yomhlabathi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, kunezinkampani zasekhaya eziyi-12 ezibhalise ubuchwepheshe be-fosthiazate, kanye namalungiselelo abhalisiwe angu-158, afaka ukwakheka okufana nokugxilwa kwe-emulsifiable, i-emulsion yamanzi, i-microemulsion, i-granule, ne-microcapsule.I-ejenti elengayo, i-ejenti encibilikayo, into eyingxube ngokuyinhloko i-abamectin.

I-Fosthiazate isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nama-amino-oligosaccharins, i-alginic acid, ama-amino acid, ama-humic acid, njll., anemisebenzi yokumboza, ukukhuthaza izimpande kanye nokwenza ngcono inhlabathi.Kuzoba umhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni esikhathini esizayo.Izifundo zikaZheng Huo et al.baye babonisa ukuthi i-nematicide ehlanganiswe ne-thiazophosphine kanye ne-amino-oligosaccharidins inomphumela omuhle wokulawula kuma-citrus nematodes, futhi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ama-nematode emhlabathini we-rhizosphere ye-citrus, ngomphumela wokulawula ongaphezu kuka-80%.Ingcono kune-thiazophosphine kanye ne-amino-oligosaccharin ejenti eyodwa, futhi inemiphumela engcono ekukhuleni kwezimpande kanye nokululama kwamandla esihlahla.

1.2 Abamectin

I-Abamectin iyinhlanganisela ye-macrocyclic lactone ene-insecticidal, acaricidal kanye nemisebenzi ye-nematicidal, futhi ifinyelela injongo yokubulala ngokugqugquzela izinambuzane ukuthi zikhulule i-γ-aminobutyric acid.I-Abamectin ibulala ama-nematodes ku-rhizosphere yezitshalo kanye nomhlabathi ikakhulukazi ngokubulala ukuthintana.Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, inani lemikhiqizo ye-abamectin ebhaliswe ekhaya lilinganiselwa ku-1,900, futhi angaphezu kwe-100 abhaliselwe ukulawula ama-nematode.Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-abamectin ne-thiazophosphine kuzuze izinzuzo ezihambisanayo futhi sekuphenduke inkomba ebalulekile yentuthuko.

Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eminingi ye-abamectin, okudingeka kugxilwe kuyo i-abamectin B2.I-Abamectin B2 ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ezifana ne-B2a ne-B2b, i-B2a/B2b ingaphezu kuka-25, i-B2a ithatha okuqukethwe okuningi ngokuphelele, i-B2b iyinani elilandelwayo, i-B2 inobuthi futhi inobuthi, ubuthi bungaphansi kwe-B1, ubuthi buyancipha. , futhi ukusetshenziswa kuphephile futhi kuhambisana nemvelo .

Ukuhlolwa kufakazele ukuthi i-B2, njengomkhiqizo omusha we-abamectin, iyi-nematicide ehle kakhulu, futhi i-spectrum yayo yezinambuzane ihlukile kune-B1.Izitshalo ze-nematode zisebenza kakhulu futhi zinamathuba emakethe abanzi.

1.3 I-Fluopyram

I-Fluopyram iyinhlanganisela enomshini omusha wokusebenza othuthukiswe yi-Bayer Crop Science, engavimbela ngokukhetha inkimbinkimbi ye-II yochungechunge lokuphefumula ku-nematode mitochondria, okuholela ekuncipheni ngokushesha kwamandla kumaseli e-nematode.I-Fluopyram ibonisa ukuhamba okuhlukile emhlabathini kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi ingasatshalaliswa kancane kancane futhi ngokulinganayo ku-rhizosphere, ivikela isimiso sezimpande ekuthelelekeni kwe-nematode ngokuphumelelayo nangesikhathi eside.

1.4 Tluazaindolizine

I-Tluazaindolizine iyi-pyridimidazole amide (noma i-sulfonamide) nematicide engeyona ifumigant eyakhiwe yi-Corteva, esetshenziselwa imifino, izihlahla zezithelo, amazambane, utamatisi, amagilebhisi, ama-citrus, ama-gourds, utshani, izithelo zamatshe, ugwayi , nezitshalo zasensimini, njll., lawula ama-nematode ezimpande zikagwayi, i-potato stem nematodes, i-soybean cyst nematodes, i-strawberry slippery nematodes, i-pine wood nematodes, i-grain nematodes kanye ne-short body (rot rot) nematodes, njll.

Fingqa

Ukulawula i-Nematode yimpi ethatha isikhathi eside.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulawulwa kwe-nematode akufanele kuncike ekulweni komuntu ngamunye.Kuyadingeka ukwakha isixazululo esibanzi sokuvikela nokulawula esihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, ukondleka kwezitshalo, nokuphathwa kwensimu.Esikhathini esifushane, ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kuseyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawula i-nematode enemiphumela esheshayo nephumelelayo;ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuzozuza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo.Ukusheshisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezibulala-zinambuzane ze-nematicide, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokucubungula lamalungiselelo, ukwandisa imizamo yokumaketha, kanye nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsizi ze-synergistic kuzoba ukugxila ekuxazululeni inkinga yokumelana kwezinye izinhlobo ze-nematicide.