Nematodes ndidzo mhuka dzakawanda dzakawandisa panyika, uye nematodes dziripo pese pane mvura panyika.Pakati pavo, chirimwa cheparasitic nematodes chinotora 10%, uye chinokonzera kukuvadza kwekudyara kukura kuburikidza neparasitism, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi mukurima uye masango.Mukuongororwa kwemunda, zvirwere zvevhu nematode zvinovhiringika zviri nyore nekushomeka kwechinhu, gomarara remidzi, clubroot, nezvimwewo, zvichitungamira mukusaziva kana kudzora kusingatarisike.Pamusoro pezvo, maronda emidzi anokonzerwa nekudya kwenematode anopa mikana yekuitika kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nevhu zvakaita se bacterial wilt, blight, root rot, damping-off, and canker, zvichikonzera utachiona hwekomboni uye kuwedzera kuoma kwekudzivirira nekudzora.

Maererano neshumo, pasi rose, kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kwepagore kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwenematode kunosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu nenomwe emadhora ekuAmerica, iyo inofananidzwa nekukuvadza kwezvipembenene.1/10 yemugove wemusika wezvinodhaka, kuchine nzvimbo huru.Pazasi pane zvimwe zvinonyanya kushanda zvigadzirwa zvekurapa nematodes..

1.1 Fosthiazate

Fosthiazate inonzi organophosphorus nematicide iyo nzira huru yekuita ndeyekudzivisa kuumbwa kweacetylcholinesterase yemidzi-knot nematodes.Iyo ine systemic zvimiro uye inogona kushandiswa kudzora akasiyana marudzi emidzi-knot nematodes.Sezvo Thiazophosphine yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa neIshihara, Japan muna 1991, yakanyoreswa munyika dzakawanda uye nzvimbo dzakadai seEurope neUnited States.Kubva kupinda muChina muna 2002, fosthiazate yave chigadzirwa chakakosha chekutonga kwevhu nematodes muChina nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanaka uye kudhura kwekuita.Zvinotarisirwa kuti icharamba iri chigadzirwa chikuru chekutonga kwevhu nematode mumakore mashoma anotevera.Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuChina Pesticide Information Network, kubva muna Ndira 2022, kune makambani gumi nemaviri epamba akanyoresa fosthiazate tekinoroji, uye zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu gadziriro dzakanyoreswa, dzinosanganisira magadzirirwo akadai seemulsifiable concentrate, mvura-emulsion, microemulsion, granule, uye microcapsule.Kumisa mumiririri, soluble agent, compound chinhu chinonyanya kunzi abamectin.

Fosthiazate inoshandiswa pamwe chete neamino-oligosaccharins, alginic acid, amino acids, humic acids, nezvimwewo, ine mabasa ekuvharisa, kukurudzira midzi nekuvandudza ivhu.Ichava nhungamiro yakakosha yekusimudzira indasitiri mune ramangwana.Zvidzidzo naZheng Huo et al.vakaratidza kuti nematicide yakasanganiswa ne thiazophosphine uye amino-oligosaccharidins ine simba rakanaka rekutonga pa citrus nematodes, uye inogona kunyatsodzivirira nematodes mukati uye pa rhizosphere ivhu re citrus, ine simba rekutonga rinopfuura 80%.Iyo yakakwirira kune thiazophosphine uye amino-oligosaccharin single agents, uye ine mhedzisiro iri nani pakukura kwemidzi uye kupora kwesimba remuti.

1.2 Abamectin

Abamectin is a macrocyclic lactone compound ine insecticidal, acaricidal uye nematicidal zviitiko, uye inozadzisa chinangwa chekuuraya nekukurudzira zvipembenene kusunungura γ-aminobutyric acid.Abamectin inouraya nematodes muchirimwa rhizosphere nevhu kunyanya kuburikidza nekuurayana.Kubva muna Ndira 2022, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakanyoreswa abamectin hunosvika chiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe, uye vanopfuura zana vakanyoreswa kutonga kwenematodes.Pakati pavo, kusanganiswa kweabamectin uye thiazophosphine kwakawana zvakanakira uye kwave kwakakosha nzira yekusimudzira.

Pakati pezvizhinji zvigadzirwa zveabamectin, iyo inoda kutariswa ndeye abamectin B2.Abamectin B2 inosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvakaita seB2a neB2b, B2a/B2b ihombe kupfuura 25, B2a inotora mhedziso yakawanda, B2b inoteedzera huwandu, B2 ine chepfu uye ine chepfu, huturu hwakaderera pane B1, huturu hwakaderera. , uye kushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye zvakanyanya kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza.

Miedzo yakaratidza kuti B2, sechigadzirwa chitsva cheabamectin, yakanakisa nematicide, uye inouraya zvipembenene zvakasiyana neiyo B1.Plant nematodes inoshanda zvakanyanya uye ine tarisiro yemusika wakafara.

1.3 Fluopyram

Fluopyram ikomboni ine nzira itsva yekuita yakagadziridzwa neBayer Crop Science, iyo inogona kuvharidzira zvakaomarara II yeketani yekufema mu nematode mitochondria, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kupera kwesimba mumaseru nematode.Fluopyram inoratidza kufamba kwakasiyana muvhu kupfuura mamwe marudzi, uye inogona kugoverwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana mu rhizosphere, kuchengetedza midzi kubva kune nematode utachiona zvakanyanya uye kwenguva yakareba.

1.4 Tluazaindolizine

Tluazaindolizine is pyridimidazole amide (kana sulfonamide) isiri-fumigant nematicide yakagadzirwa neCorteva, inoshandiswa miriwo, miti yemichero, mbatatisi, matomatisi, mazambiringa, citrus, gourds, lawn, michero yematombo, fodya, uye zvirimwa zvemumunda, nezvimwewo, zvinogona zvinobudirira. dzora fodya mudzi-knot nematodes, potato stem nematodes, soybean cyst nematodes, sitiroberi inotsvedza nematodes, pine wood nematodes, grain nematodes uye short-body (root rot) nematodes, nezvimwewo.

Pfupisa

Nematode control ihondo inorebesa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kutonga nematode hakufanirwe kuvimba nehondo yega.Izvo zvinodikanwa kugadzira yakakwana yekudzivirira uye yekudzora mhinduro inobatanidza kuchengetedza chirimwa, kuvandudzwa kwevhu, kudya kwezvirimwa, uye kutonga kwemunda.Munguva pfupi, kutonga kwemakemikari kuchiri nzira inonyanya kukosha yekutonga nematode nemigumisiro inokurumidza uye inobudirira;mukufamba kwenguva, kudzora zvipenyu kuchaita kukurumidza kukura.Kumhanyisa kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemhando nyowani dzemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nematicides, kuvandudza mwero wekugadzirira, kuwedzera kushambadzira, uye kuita basa rakanaka mukuvandudza nekushandiswa kwesynergistic anobatsira ichave yakatarisana nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekupokana kwemamwe marudzi e nematicide.