Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu (PGR) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chokhala mu mbewu zobiriwira, komanso ndi chida chofunikira chothandizira kukula kwa mizu ndikuwongolera kulekanitsa mbewu.
Ndipo masika ano, mbewu zambiri zikuvutikira pambuyo pa chisanu.Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha nthawi yomwe alimi angapindule ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso mwanzeru zinthuzi.
Dick Neale, woyang’anira zaumisiri wa Hutchinsons, anati: “Chaka chino tirigu ali paliponse.
"Zomera zilizonse zomwe zabzalidwa kuyambira Seputembala ndi koyambirira kwa Okutobala zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizabwinobwino malinga ndi dongosolo lake lazachilengedwe, ndicholinga chochepetsa malo okhala."
Nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti zopangira ma genetic zidzatulutsa mfundo zambiri, koma sizili choncho.Neal adanena kuti kugawanika kumagwirizana ndi kupanga masamba a fodya, omwe amagwirizana ndi nthawi ya kutentha.
Ngati mbewu sizifesedwa mpaka November ndipo zimafesedwa bwino mu December, nthawi yawo yotentha idzachepetsedwa kuti apange masamba ndi zogawa.
Ngakhale kuti palibe kuchuluka kwa zowongolera kukula komwe kungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa tizigawo ta mbewu, titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi nayitrogeni woyambirira kuti tizigawo tambiri tikololedwe.
Momwemonso, ngati masamba a sub-till a chomera ali okonzeka kuphulika, PGR ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula kwake ngati masamba ang'onoang'ono alipo.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochitira izi ndi kulinganiza mizu mwa kupondereza kulamulira kwa mizu ndikupanga kukula kwa mizu, ndipo ma PGR atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito msanga (mpaka kukula siteji 31).
Komabe, a Neale adanenanso kuti ma PGR ambiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito musanafike gawo la 30, choncho chonde onani kuvomereza pa chizindikirocho.
Kwa balere, zotsatira zake ndi zofanana ndi za tirigu pakukula kwa 30, koma ndikofunikira kulabadira kukula kwa zinthu zina.Kenaka ali ndi zaka 31, adatenga mlingo wapamwamba wa hexanedione kapena trinexapac-ethyl, koma popanda 3C kapena Cycocel.
Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti balere nthawi zonse amabwerera kuchokera ku Cycocel ndipo angayambitse malo ogona ambiri akamagwiritsa ntchito chloropyri.
Kenaka, Bambo Neale nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid kuti amalize balere m'nyengo yozizira mu gawo la 39 la kukula kwa balere.
"Pakadali pano, balere ndi 50% chabe ya kutalika kwake komaliza, kotero ngati atakula kwambiri pambuyo pake, mutha kugwidwa."
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kwa trinexapac-ethyl sikuyenera kupitirira 100ml/ha kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera bwino kwa ergonomics, koma sikungalamulire kutalika kwa tsinde.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomera zimafunikira mlingo winawake wa nayitrogeni kuti zikule, zikule ndi kukwanira bwino.
Bambo Neale adanena kuti iye mwini sangagwiritse ntchito paraquat mu pulogalamu yoyamba ya PGR subtill manipulation.
Polowa mu gawo lachiwiri la kugwiritsa ntchito chibadwa cha zomera, alimi ayenera kusamala kwambiri za kayendetsedwe ka kukula kwa tsinde.
A Neale anachenjeza kuti: “Chaka chino, alimi afunika kusamala chifukwa tirigu wobowoledwa usikuwo akadzuka, adzapitirizabe.
Masamba atatu amatha kufika pa siteji ya kukula 31 m'malo mwa 32, kotero alimi ayenera kuzindikira bwino masamba omwe akuwonekera pa kukula kwa 31.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza mu gawo la kukula 31 kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya phesi popanda kuzifupikitsa.
Iye anafotokoza kuti: “Ndinkagwiritsa ntchito protohexanedione, trinexapac-ethyl, kapena chosakaniza chokhala ndi cypermethrin wokwana lita imodzi pa ha,”
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamuwa kudzatanthauza kuti simukuwagwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, ndipo PGR idzawongolera mbewu monga momwe amayembekezera, m'malo mofupikitsa.
Bambo Neale anati: "Komabe, chonde onetsetsani kuti mukusunga mankhwala opangidwa ndi 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid m'thumba lakumbuyo, chifukwa sitikudziwa kuti kukula kwa masika kudzatani."
Ngati m'nthaka muli chinyontho komanso nyengo ikutentha, ndipo nthawi yakukula ndi yayitali, mbewu zokolola mochedwa zimatha kuphuka.
Ngati mbewuyo imakula mwachangu m'nthaka yachinyontho, imatha kuthiridwa pambuyo pake kuti ithetse chiwopsezo chokhazikika cha mizu
Neal adanena kuti ziribe kanthu nyengo ya masika, mizu ya mochedwa kubzala mbewu ndi yaying'ono.
Chiwopsezo chachikulu chaka chino ndi kuyika mizu m'malo moyika tsinde, chifukwa dothi lili kale losakhazikika bwino ndipo likhoza kukhala mozungulira mizu yake.
Apa ndi pamene mphamvu ya tsinde ndiyofunikira, chifukwa chake Bambo Neale amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito PGR mofatsa nyengo ino.
Iye anachenjeza kuti: “Musadikire ndiyeno muwononge ndalama zanu."Owongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndikungofupikitsa udzu sicholinga chachikulu."
Olima aone ngati pali zakudya zokwanira pansi pa zomera kuti athe kuzisamalira ndi kuzisamalira nthawi imodzi.
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (PGR) zimatsata dongosolo la mahomoni a zomera ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kukula kwa mbewu.
Pali magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala omwe amakhudza zomera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo alimi nthawi zonse amafunika kuyang'ana chizindikirocho asanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse.
“Alimi amayenera kuyang’ana chizindikirocho, chifukwa pali zosintha zambiri zomwe zachitika kale.Zosintha zina sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka gawo la 31 la kukula, pomwe zina sizingadutse 31, pomwe zina zitha kudikirira mpaka gawo la 39.Kuti asiye kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Iye anati: “Paraquat imachita zinthu pang’onopang’ono m’fakitale, motero imatsegula mabuleki pang’onopang’ono, koma mabuleki akangotuluka, amalephera n’kubwereranso.”
"Amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ozizira kwambiri kuposa cypermethrin, ndipo amagwira ntchito mwachangu, koma amatsika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti abwererenso pang'ono."
Trinexapac-ethyl ndi protohexanedione zimathandiza kupanga makoma okhuthala a cell, motero mbewuyo imakhala yolimba komanso yokhuthala.Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku mbewu zotsika mpaka 5-6C.
Chloroethyl phosphonic acid ndi mankhwala a Terpal ndi Cerone, koma Terpal imasakanizidwanso ndi mesochlor, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti alimi ayenera kusamala akamagwiritsa ntchito.
"Sindikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito malita 0,4 / ha a Cerone, omwe ndi ofanana ndi 1 lita / ha ya Terpal.
"Zimakhudza kukula kwa tsinde lapamwamba, ndipo zenera la mwayi ndi lopapatiza pakati pa magawo 39 ndi 45.
“Chotero, makamaka m’nyengo yozizira ya balere, alimi ayenera kusamala kuti asadikire kwambiri n’kuphonya siteji yakukula kumene.”
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