Izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGR) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungena kwizityalo ezichumileyo, kwaye zikwasisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunceda ukukhula kweengcambu nokulawula ukwahlulwa kwezityalo eziziinkozo.
Kwaye kule ntwasahlobo, izityalo ezininzi ziyasokola emva kobusika obumanzi.Lo ngumzekelo omhle wexesha apho abalimi baya kuxhamla kusetyenziso oluchanekileyo noluchubekileyo lwezi mveliso.
UDick Neale, umanejala wezobugcisa wakwaHutchinsons, uthe: “Kulo nyaka ingqolowa ikuyo yonke indawo.
"Nasiphi na isityalo esityalwe ukusuka ngoSeptemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha sinokuthathwa njengesiqhelo ngokwesicwangciso semithombo yemfuza yezityalo, kugxilwe ekunciphiseni indawo yokuhlala."
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bacinga ukuba izixhobo zofuzo zezityalo ziya kuvelisa amanqaku amaninzi, kodwa oku akunjalo.UNeal uthe i-split iller inxulumene nemveliso yamagqabi ecuba, enxulumene nexesha lobushushu.
Ukuba izityalo azihlwayelwa kude kube nguNovemba kwaye zihlwayelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngoDisemba, ixesha labo le-thermal liya kuncitshiswa ukuvelisa amaqabunga kunye nabahluli.
Nangona kungekho milinganiselo yokulawula ukukhula iya kwandisa inani leeqhezu kwisityalo, zinokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa ne-nitrogen yokuqala ukugcina amaqhekeza amaninzi evuniwe.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba amagqabi esityalo alungele ukugqabhuka, iPGR ingasetyenziswa kuphela ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwaso ukuba amagqabi akhona.
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza oku kukulinganisa ngokucinezela ukongamela kweengcambu kunye nokudala ukukhula kweengcambu ezingaphezulu, kwaye iiPGRs zingasetyenziswa kwangoko (phambi kwenqanaba lokukhula lama-31).
Nangona kunjalo, uMnu. Neale ucebise ukuba ii-PGR ezininzi azikwazi ukusetyenziswa phambi kwesigaba sokukhula se-30, ngoko ke nceda ujonge ukuvunywa kwileyibhile.
Kwibhali, umphumo wayo ufana nengqolowa kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-30, kodwa kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwi-rebound yokukhula kwezinye iimveliso.Emva koko eneminyaka eyi-31, wathatha umthamo ophezulu we-hexanedione okanye i-trinexapac-ethyl, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-3C okanye i-Cycocel.
Isizathu kukuba ibhali isoloko ibuyela emva kwi-Cycocel kwaye inokubangela indawo yokuhlala eninzi xa usebenzisa i-chloropyri.
Emva koko, uMnu Neale uya kuhlala esebenzisa iimveliso ezisekelwe kwi-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid ukugqiba ibhali yasebusika kwisigaba se-39 sokukhula kwebhali.
"Okwangoku, irhasi yi-50% kuphela yobude bayo bokugqibela, ke ukuba ikhula kakhulu kamva, unokubanjwa."
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-trinexapac-ethyl akufuneki kudlule i-100ml/ha ukuze kuzuzwe ulawulo olululo lwe-ergonomics, kodwa ayiyi kulawula ukunyuswa kwesiqu kwesityalo.
Kwangaxeshanye, izityalo zidinga umthamo othile wenitrogen ukuze zikhule, zikhule kwaye zilungelelane.
UMnu. Neale ucebise ukuba yena ngokwakhe akayi kusebenzisa i-paraquat kwi-PGR yokuqala ye-subtill manipulation application.
Ukungena kwisigaba sesibini sokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yofuzo yezityalo, abalimi kufuneka bahlawule ngakumbi ukulawulwa kokukhula kokukhula kwesiqu.
UMnu. Neale walumkisa ngelithi: “Kulo nyaka, abalimi kuya kufuneka balumke kuba xa kuvuka ingqolowa ngobo busuku, iza kuqhubeka.”
Amagqabi amathathu anokufikelela kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-31 endaweni ye-32, ngoko ke abalimi kuya kufuneka bachonge ngononophelo amagqabi avela kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-31.
Ukusebenzisa umxube kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-31 kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zinamandla alungileyo esiqu ngaphandle kokuzifinyeza kakhulu.
Wacacisa: “Ndandisebenzisa i<em>protohexanedione, i<em>trinexapac-ethyl, okanye umxube one<em>cypermethrin ukuya kutsho kwilitha enye ngehektare,”
Ukusebenzisa eziapps kuya kuthetha ukuba awuyisebenzisi kakhulu, kwaye iPGR iya kulawula isityalo njengoko kulindelekile, kunokuba sifinyeze.
UMnu. Neale uthe: "Nangona kunjalo, nceda uqiniseke ukuba ugcine imveliso esekelwe kwi-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid kwi-pocket back, kuba asiqinisekanga ukuba ukukhula kwentwasahlobo elandelayo kuya kuba njani."
Ukuba kusekho ukufuma emhlabeni kwaye nemozulu ishushu, kwaye ixesha lokukhula lide, izityalo zokuvuna emva kwexesha zingaqalisa.
Ukuba isityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza kumhlaba ofumileyo, sinokugalelwa kamva ukusombulula ingozi eyongeziweyo yokungena kweengcambu
U-Neal uthe kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imozulu yasentwasahlobo, inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo zokutyala kade incinci.
Owona mngcipheko mkhulu kulo nyaka iyakuba kukufakwa kweengcambu endaweni yokufaka izikhondo, kuba umhlaba sele ukwimeko engalunganga kwaye usenokuba ujikeleze iingcambu ezixhasayo.
Kulapho amandla kwisiqu ayimfuneko, yingakho uMnu. Neale ecebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iPGR kuphela ngeli xesha lonyaka.
Walumkisa ngelithi: “Musa ukulinda uze uchithe imali yakho.”"Abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kukwenza mfutshane nje umququ akuyonjongo iphambili."
Abalimi kufuneka bahlole kwaye baqwalasele ukuba kukho izondlo ezaneleyo phantsi kwezityalo ukuze bakwazi ukuzigcina nokuzilawula ngaxeshanye.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGR) zijolise kwinkqubo yehomoni yezityalo kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwezityalo.
Kukho amaqela emichiza amaninzi ahlukeneyo achaphazela izityalo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye abalimi basoloko kufuneka bajonge ileyibhile phambi kokusebenzisa imveliso nganye.
“Abalimi kufuneka bayijonge ilebhile, kuba zininzi iinguqu esele zenzeke.Ezinye iinguqu azinakusetyenziswa kude kube yinqanaba lokukhula lama-31, ngelixa ezinye zingenako ukudlula kuma-31, ngelixa ezinye zinokulinda de kube yinqanaba lokukhula lama-39.Ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa.
Wathi: “IiParaquat isabela kancinane kumzi-mveliso, ngokuthe ngcembe ivula iziqhoboshi, kodwa zakuba zikhululiwe iziqhoboshi, ziya kusilela ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziphinde zibuyele.”
"Banokusebenza kwiimeko ezibandayo kune-cypermethrin, kwaye basebenza ngokukhawuleza, kodwa behla kancinci, okukhokelela ekubuyeleni okuncinci."
I-Trinexapac-ethyl kunye neprotohexanedione zinceda ukwenza iindonga ezishinyeneyo zeeseli, ngoko ke isityalo siya kuba neziqu ezishinyeneyo.Ezi ziyasebenza nakwizityalo ezisezantsi njenge 5-6C.
I-Chloroethyl phosphonic acid sisithako esisebenzayo seTerpal kunye neCerone, kodwa iTerpal ikwaxutywe ne-mesochlor, into ethetha ukuba abalimi kufuneka balumke xa beyisebenzisa.
Andikukhuthazi ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-0.4 ilitha ngehektare yeCerone, elingana ne-1 ilitha ngehektare yeTerpal.
"Ichaphazela ukukhula kwesiqu esiphezulu, kwaye ifestile yamathuba incinci-phakathi kwamanqanaba okukhula angama-39 kunye nama-45.
Ke ngoko, ngakumbi kwirhasi yasebusika, abalimi kufuneka balumke bangalindeli ixesha elide kwaye baphoswe linqanaba lamva nje lokukhula.
Iqela lobonelelo ngezolimo ingeniso yerhafu yangaphambili ye-Wynnstay yehle kancinci, nangona ingeniso yehla ngonyaka ngenxa yobhubhani we-Covid-19 kunye nesivuno esibi.ubunzima
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