Tun watan Fabrairu, bayanai game da al'amarin na alkama seedling yellowing, bushewa da kuma mutuwa a cikin filin alkama ya akai-akai bayyana a cikin jaridu.

1. Dalili na ciki yana nufin iyawar tsire-tsire na alkama don tsayayya da sanyi da lalacewar fari.Idan ana amfani da nau'in alkama tare da rashin juriya mai sanyi don noma, abin da ya faru na tsire-tsire masu mutuwa zai iya faruwa cikin sauƙi idan akwai rauni mai daskarewa.Haƙurin sanyi na kowane tsire-tsire na alkama da aka shuka da wuri kuma waɗanda panicles ya bambanta zuwa ridges biyu kafin hunturu ya yi rauni, kuma tsire-tsire sukan mutu da gaske idan akwai lalacewar sanyi.Bugu da kari, wasu tsire-tsire masu rauni a makare suna iya mutuwa idan yanayin sanyi da lalacewar fari saboda ƙarancin sukari da suka tara da kansu.

2. Abubuwan da ke waje suna nuni da abubuwa daban-daban banda shukar alkama da kanta, kamar rashin kyawun yanayi, yanayin ƙasa da matakan noman da bai dace ba.Misali, karancin ruwan sama a lokacin rani da kaka, rashin isasshen danshi, karancin ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara da iska mai sanyi a lokacin sanyi da bazara zai ƙara tsananta fari na ƙasa, yin nodes ɗin noman alkama a cikin ƙasa tare da canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi da sanyi, kuma yana haifar da alkama physiological dehydration da mutuwa.

Ga wani misali, idan an zaɓi nau'ikan da ke da raunin sanyi da ƙananan nodes na tillering, tsire-tsire kuma za su mutu lokacin da bambancin zafin jiki ya yi girma saboda tasirin yanayin ƙasa.Bugu da kari, idan tsaba suna sown latti, ma zurfi ko kuma m, yana da sauki ta samar da rauni seedlings, wanda ba conducive zuwa lafiya overwintering na alkama.Musamman idan damshin ƙasa bai isa ba, ba a zubar da ruwan sanyi ba, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka saboda haɗuwa da sanyi da fari.

Akwai alamomi guda uku na shukar alkama da suka mutu:

1. Dukan alkama ya bushe da rawaya, amma tushen tsarin al'ada ne.

2. Girman girma na alkama a cikin filin ba shi da karfi, kuma abin mamaki na bushewa da rawaya yana faruwa a cikin flakes na yau da kullum.Yana da wuya a ga kasancewar koren ganye a cikin wuraren da suka bushe da rawaya.

3. Tushen ganye ko ganye yana bushewa ta hanyar asarar ruwa, amma gabaɗayan alamun bushewa da rawaya suna da laushi.

Alkama yana bushewa da rawaya a manyan wurare.Wanene mai laifi?

Dasa mara kyau

Misali, a kudancin lardin Huanghuai alkama na hunturu, alkama da ake shukawa kafin da bayan sanyi (8 ga Oktoba), saboda tsananin zafi, yana da nau'i daban-daban na nishadi.Saboda gazawar danne lokaci ko sarrafa magunguna na filayen alkama, yana da sauƙi don haifar da manyan wuraren lalacewar sanyi lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi ba zato ba tsammani.Karkashin tasirin yanayin zafi, wasu gonakin alkama da isassun ruwa da taki su ma “yankin da abin ya fi shafa” na tsiro.Alkama Wangchang ya shiga matakin haɗin gwiwa a gaba kafin barci a lokacin hunturu.Bayan fama da lalacewar sanyi, zai iya dogara ne kawai akan noman noma don sake samar da shukar shuka, wanda ya haifar da babban haɗarin rage yawan amfanin gona ga amfanin alkama na shekara mai zuwa.Don haka, idan manoma suka shuka alkama, suna iya komawa ga abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun baya, amma kuma suna iya komawa ga yanayin gida da yanayin haihuwa da yanayin ruwa na wannan shekara don sanin adadin da lokacin da za a dasa alkama, maimakon yin gaggawar shuka da shi. iska.

Bambaro komawa fagen ba kimiyya bane

Kamar yadda binciken ya nuna, al'adar launin rawaya na alkama a cikin ciyawar masara da ciyawar waken soya yana da muni.Wannan shi ne saboda an dakatar da tushen alkama kuma tushen yana haɗe zuwa ƙasa mara kyau, wanda ya haifar da rashin ƙarfi.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi ba zato ba tsammani (fiye da 10 ℃), zai tsananta lalacewar sanyi na ciyawar alkama.Sai dai kuma gonakin alkama da ke da tsaftataccen bambaro a cikin gona, da gonakin alkama da aka danne bayan an shuka su da kuma gonakin alkama da yanayin da ba ya dawo ba, kusan ba sa bushewa da rawaya sai abubuwan da ke haifar da bunqasa.

Hankali na iri zuwa canjin yanayin zafi

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi musun cewa matakin sanyin haƙuri na nau'in alkama ya bambanta.Saboda ci gaba da shekaru masu dumin sanyi, kowa ya fi mai da hankali kan sanyin bazara a watan Maris da Afrilu.Masu shukar sun yi watsi da kula da yanayin sanyi na hunturu na alkama, musamman ga ɗan gajeren lokaci da babban karu a matsayin kawai ma'auni don zaɓin iri, amma watsi da wasu dalilai.Tun lokacin da aka shuka alkama, ya kasance a cikin yanayin bushewa, kuma fifikon abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar bambaro da ke dawowa gona da faɗuwar zafin jiki ba zato ba tsammani ya ta'azzara faruwar ƙwayar alkama da sanyi, musamman ga wasu nau'ikan alkama waɗanda suke ba sanyi haƙuri.

Yadda za a rage girman yanki na bushe alkama seedlings?

A halin yanzu, tsire-tsire na alkama suna cikin kwanciyar hankali, don haka ba shi da mahimmanci a dauki matakan gyara kamar feshi da taki, amma a wuraren da ke da yanayi, ana iya yin ban ruwa na hunturu a lokacin rana.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi bayan bikin bazara kuma alkama ya shiga lokacin dawowar kore, ana iya amfani da kilogiram 8-15 na takin nitrogen kowace mu.Bayan sabbin ganyen ganye, ana iya amfani da humic acid ko takin ruwan teku +amino oligosaccharides don fesa ganye, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau na taimako akan dawo da ci gaban alkama.A takaice dai, al'amarin na bushewar yanki mai girma da rawaya na tsire-tsire na alkama yana haifar da dalilai daban-daban kamar yanayi, bambaro da lokacin shuka mara kyau.

Matakan noma don rage matattun seedlings

1. Zaɓin nau'in nau'in sanyi mai sanyi da zaɓin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i mai karfi da sanyi mai kyau shine matakan da suka dace don hana matattun tsire-tsire daga raunin daskarewa.Lokacin gabatar da nau'ikan, duk yankuna yakamata su fara fahimtar daidaitawar nau'ikan, la'akari da yawan amfanin ƙasa da juriya na sanyi, kuma nau'ikan da aka zaɓa za su iya tsira daga hunturu cikin aminci aƙalla a cikin mafi yawan shekarun gida.

2. Ban ruwa na Seedling Don shuka da wuri a gonakin alkama tare da ƙarancin ƙasa, ana iya amfani da ruwa a lokacin aikin noma.Idan ƙasa takin ƙasa bai isa ba, ana iya amfani da ƙaramin adadin takin sinadari yadda yakamata don haɓaka fitowar seedlings da wuri, don sauƙaƙe amintaccen overwintering na seedlings.Gudanar da filayen alkama a ƙarshen shuka ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yanayin ƙasa da kuma kiyaye danshi.Ana iya kwance ƙasa ta hanyar noma na tsakiya.Bai dace da ruwa ba a matakin seedling, in ba haka ba zai rage yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa kuma zai shafi haɓakawa da canza yanayin yanayin seedling.

3. Ban ruwa na lokacin sanyi da lokacin sanyi na iya samar da yanayi mai kyau na ruwa na ƙasa, daidaita kayan abinci na ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, inganta ƙarfin ƙasa, haɓaka tushen shuka da shuka, da samar da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi.Watering a cikin hunturu ba wai kawai yana da amfani ga overwintering da kariyar seedling ba, amma kuma yana rage illar lalacewar sanyi na farkon bazara, lalacewar fari da canje-canjen zafin jiki.Yana da mahimmanci ma'auni don hana mutuwar ƙwayar alkama a cikin hunturu da bazara.

Za a zuba ruwan sanyi a lokacin da ya dace.Yana da kyau a daskare da dare kuma a bace da rana, kuma zafin jiki shine 4 ℃.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da 4 ℃, ban ruwa na hunturu yana yiwuwa ya daskare lalacewa.Ya kamata a sarrafa ban ruwa na hunturu a hankali bisa ga ingancin ƙasa, yanayin seedling da abun ciki na danshi.Ya kamata a zubar da ƙasa mai yumbu da wuri da wuri don guje wa sanyi saboda ruwan ba zai iya gangarowa gaba ɗaya ba kafin daskarewa.Ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa mai yashi a makare, sannan a shayar da wasu ƙasa mai dausayi, ko ƙasar ciyawar shinkafa ko gonakin alkama mai damshin ƙasa mai kyau, amma gonakin alkama mai yawan bambaro da aka mayar da su gonar dole ne a shayar da shi a lokacin sanyi don murkushe su. da ƙasa taro da kuma daskare da kwari.

4. Tsuntsaye akan lokaci yana iya karya ɗimbin ƙasa, datse tsagewa, da daidaita ƙasa, ta yadda za a iya haɗa tushen alkama da ƙasa sosai, da haɓaka tushen tushen.Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamarwa kuma yana da aikin haɓakawa da adana danshi.

5. Da kyau rufe da yashi da alkama a cikin hunturu na iya zurfafa zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji nodes da kuma kare ganye kusa da ƙasa, rage danshi evaporation na ƙasa, inganta ruwa yanayin a tillering nodes, da kuma taka rawa na zafi adana da sanyi kariya.Gabaɗaya, rufe da ƙasa 1-2 cm lokacin farin ciki na iya yin tasiri mai kyau na kariyar sanyi da kariyar seedling.Za a share gangaren gonar alkama da aka rufe da ƙasa a cikin lokaci a cikin bazara, kuma za a share ƙasa daga cikin tudu lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 5 ℃.

Don nau'ikan da ke da ƙarancin juriya mai sanyi, filayen alkama tare da shuka mara zurfi da ƙarancin danshi yakamata a rufe shi da ƙasa da wuri-wuri.A lokacin overwintering, filastik fim mulching zai iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki da danshi, yadda ya kamata hana sanyi lalacewa, inganta shuka girma, kara shuka shuka da kuma inganta ci gaban ta cikin manyan tillers, da kuma inganta kudi noma da kunne samuwar.Lokacin da ya dace don rufe fim shine lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa 3 ℃.Yana da sauƙin girma a banza idan an rufe fim ɗin da wuri, kuma ganye suna da sauƙin daskare idan an rufe fim ɗin a makare.Marigayi shuka alkama za a iya rufe shi da fim nan da nan bayan shuka.

Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an haramta shi sosai don fesa maganin herbicides akan filayen alkama tare da mummunar lalacewar sanyi.Dangane da ko za a fesa maganin herbicides akai-akai bayan bikin bazara, komai ya dogara da dawo da tsiron alkama.Makãho spraying na herbicides a kan alkama filayen ne ba kawai sauki haddasa herbicide lalacewa, amma kuma tsanani shafar al'ada dawo da alkama seedlings.