Kusukela ngo-February, ulwazi mayelana mkhuba kakolweni yisithombo yellowing, omiswe futhi befa ensimini kakolweni uye evame ukuvela emaphephandabeni.

1. Isizathu sangaphakathi sisho ikhono lezitshalo zikakolweni ukumelana nomonakalo obandayo kanye nesomiso.Uma izinhlobonhlobo zikakolweni ezingazweli kahle kubanda zisetshenziselwa ukutshalwa, isimo sezithombo ezifile sizokwenzeka kalula uma kwenzeka kulimala amakhaza.Ukubekezelela okubandayo kwezithombo zikakolweni ngakunye kwahlwanyelwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu futhi ama-panicles azo ahlukaniswa abe amagquma amabili ngaphambi kokuba ubusika bube buthaka, futhi izithombo zazivame ukufa kabi uma kwenzeka umonakalo wesithwathwa.Ukwengeza, ezinye izithombo ezibuthakathaka ezihlwanyele sekwephuzile zivame ukufa uma kubanda kanye nesomiso ngenxa yoshukela omncane oqoqwe ngokwazo.

2. Izici zangaphandle zibhekisela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle kwesitshalo sikakolweni ngokwaso, njengesimo sezulu esibi, izimo zenhlabathi kanye nezinyathelo zokulima ezingafaneleki.Isibonelo, imvula encane ehlobo nasekwindla, umswakama wenhlabathi onganele, imvula encane, iqhwa nomoya obandayo kakhulu ebusika nasentwasahlobo kuyokwandisa isomiso senhlabathi, kwenze izindawo zokutshala ukolweni ongqimbeni lwenhlabathi ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa nokubanda, futhi kuholele ekutheni ukolweni physiological dehydration nokufa.

Esinye isibonelo, uma izinhlobonhlobo ezinobusika obubuthakathaka kanye nama-tillering nodes angajulile zikhethiwe, izithombo nazo zizofa lapho umehluko wokushisa mkhulu ngenxa yethonya lokushisa kwenhlabathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imbewu ihlwanyelwe sekwephuzile kakhulu, ijule kakhulu noma iminyene kakhulu, kulula ukwenza izithombo ezibuthakathaka, ezingahambisani nokuphepha kwe-overwintering kakolweni.Ikakhulukazi uma umswakama wenhlabathi unganele, amanzi asebusika awathululelwa, okungenzeka ukuthi abangele ukufa kwezithombo ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamakhaza nesomiso.

Kunezimpawu ezintathu zezithombo zikakolweni ezifile:

1. Ukolweni wonke womile futhi uphuzi, kodwa uhlelo lwempande luvamile.

2. Ukukhula okuphelele kwezithombo zikakolweni ensimini akunamandla, futhi isimo sokubuna nokuphuzi kwenzeka kuma-flakes angajwayelekile.Kunzima ukubona ukuba khona kwamaqabunga aluhlaza ezindaweni ezibunile kakhulu neziphuzi.

3. Icezu lecembe noma iqabunga liyabuna ngendlela yokulahlekelwa amanzi, kodwa izimpawu eziphelele zokubuna nokubaphuzi zilula.

Ukolweni uyabuna futhi ube phuzi ezindaweni ezinkulu.Ubani onecala?

Ukutshala okungafanele

Isibonelo, endaweni eseningizimu kakolweni wasebusika waseHuanghuai, ukolweni ohlwanyelwe ngaphambi nangemva kwamazolo abandayo (ngo-Okthoba 8), ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, unamazinga ahlukene okujabula.Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukucindezela okufika ngesikhathi noma ukulawulwa kwezidakamizwa emasimini kakolweni, kulula ukubangela izindawo ezinkulu zokulimala kwesithwathwa lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngokuzumayo.Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme, amanye amasimu kakolweni anamanzi anele nomanyolo nawo “ayizindawo ezithinteke kakhulu” zezithombo ezichumayo.I-Wangchang wheat ingene esigabeni sokuhlanganisa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokulala ebusika.Ngemva kokuhlupheka ngenxa yokulimala kwesithwathwa, ingathembela kuphela ekulimeni ukuze iphinde yakhiwe izithombo zokulima, okuvale ingozi enkulu yokunciphisa isivuno sesivuno sikakolo sonyaka ozayo.Ngakho-ke, lapho abalimi betshala ukolweni, bangabhekisela ezenzweni zeminyaka edlule, kodwa futhi babhekisele esimweni sezulu sendawo kanye nezimo zensimu zokuvunda kanye nezimo zamanzi zalowo nyaka ukuze banqume inani nesikhathi sokutshala ukolweni, kunokuba bajahe ukutshala umoya.

Utshani obubuyela ensimini akuyona isayensi

Ngokocwaningo, ukuba phuzi kukakolweni ezibhilini zommbila nezibindi zikabhontshisi wesoya kubi kakhulu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi impande kakolweni imisiwe futhi impande inamathele emhlabathini kabi, okuholela ekubeni izithombo ezibuthakathaka.Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngokuzumayo (ngaphezu kuka-10 ℃), lizobhebhethekisa ukulimala kwesithwathwa sezithombo zikakolweni.Nokho, amasimu kakolweni anotshani obuhlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa ensimini, amasimu kakolweni aye acindezelwa ngemva kokuhlwanyela namasimu kakolweni anemvelo engabuni utshani cishe awabuni futhi aphuzi ngaphandle kwezici zokuchuma.

Ukuzwela kwezinhlobonhlobo ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa

Akunakuphikwa ukuthi izinga lokubekezelela okubandayo kwezinhlobo zikakolweni lihlukile.Ngenxa yeminyaka eqhubekayo yobusika obufudumele, wonke umuntu unaka kakhulu amakhaza asekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngoMashi no-April.Abalimi bakushaya indiva ukuphathwa kokulimala okubandayo kukakolweni ebusika, ikakhulukazi isiqu esifushane kanye ne-spike enkulu njengokuwukuphela kwendinganiso yokukhetha imbewu, kodwa bangazinaki ezinye izici.Selokhu kwahlwanyelwa ukolweni, ubulokhu usesimweni esomile, futhi ukuphakama kwezici ezingezinhle njengokubuyela kotshani ensimini kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kungazelelwe kubhebhethekise ukulimala kwesithwathwa sezithombo zikakolweni, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlobo zikakolweni. ayibekezeli amakhaza.

Indlela yokunciphisa indawo enkulu yezithombo zikakolweni ezibunile?

Njengamanje, izithombo zikakolweni zise-hibernation, ngakho-ke akubalulekile kangako ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifana nokufafaza nokufaka umquba, kodwa ezindaweni ezinezimo, ukuchelela kwasebusika kungenziwa esimweni sezulu esishisayo.Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngemva koMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo futhi ukolweni ungena enkathini yokubuya eluhlaza, u-8-15 kg womanyolo we-nitrogen ungasetshenziswa mumu ngamunye.Ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga amasha akhule, i-humic acid noma umanyolo wasolwandle + i-amino oligosaccharide ingasetshenziselwa isifutho samaqabunga, esinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokusiza ekubuyiseni ukukhula kukakolweni.Ukufingqa, isenzakalo sokubuna kwendawo enkulu kanye nokuphuzi kwezithombo zikakolweni kubangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesimo sezulu, utshani kanye nesikhathi sokuhlwanyela esingafanelekile.

Izinyathelo zokulima zokunciphisa izithombo ezifile

1. Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nokubanda kanye nokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinobusika obuqinile kanye nokumelana okuhle nokubandayo kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela izithombo ezifile ekulimaleni okuqhwa.Lapho wethula izinhlobo, zonke izifunda kufanele ziqale ziqonde ukuguquguquka kwezinhlobonhlobo, zicabangele isivuno sazo kanye nokumelana nokubanda, futhi izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zingasinda ebusika ngokuphepha okungenani eminyakeni eminingi yendawo.

2. Ukuchelela izithombo Ukuze usheshe ukuhlwanyela amasimu kakolweni anomswakama ongenele umhlabathi, amanzi angasetshenziswa esigabeni sokutshala.Uma ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kungenele, inani elincane likamanyolo wamakhemikhali lingasetshenziswa ngokufanelekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvela kwezithombo kusenesikhathi, ukuze kube lula ubusika obubandayo bezithombo.Ukuphatha amasimu kakolweni ohlwanyela sekwephuzile kufanele kugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nokugcina umswakama.Umhlabathi ungathukululwa ngokulinywa okuphakathi.Akufanelekile ukunisela esigabeni sokuthoma, kungenjalo kuzonciphisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi futhi kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwesimo sezithombo.

3. Ukunisela ngesikhathi sasebusika kanye nokunisela kwasebusika kungakha indawo enhle yamanzi enhlabathini, kulawule imisoco yenhlabathi enhlabathini engaphezulu, kuthuthukise izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi, kukhuthaze ukuhluma kwezitshalo nokutshala, futhi kukhiqize izithombo ezinamandla.Ukunisela ebusika akugcini nje ngokusiza ekuvikelekeni kwe-overwintering kanye nezithombo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokulimala kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umonakalo wesomiso kanye noshintsho olukhulu lokushisa.Kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ukuvimbela ukufa kwezithombo zikakolweni ebusika nasentwasahlobo.

Amanzi asebusika azothelwa ngesikhathi esifanele.Kufanelekile ukubanda ebusuku futhi kuhlakazeke emini, futhi izinga lokushisa lingu-4 ℃.Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-4 ℃, ukuchelela kwasebusika kuvame ukuba kube yiqhwa umonakalo.Ukuchelela kwasebusika kufanele kulawulwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokwezinga lomhlabathi, isimo sezithombo kanye nomswakama.Inhlabathi yobumba kufanele ithelwe kahle futhi kusenesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe isithwathwa ngoba amanzi awakwazi ukushona phansi ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba kube yiqhwa.Inhlabathi enesihlabathi kufanele iniselwe sekwephuzile, futhi enye inhlabathi emanzi, izinhlanga zerayisi noma amasimu kakolweni anomswakama omuhle wenhlabathi angeke iniselwe, kodwa amasimu kakolweni anotshani obuningi obubuyiselwe ensimini kufanele aniselwe ebusika ukuze agxotshwe. isisindo senhlabathi bese uqandisa izinambuzane.

4. Ukuhlanganisa okufika ngesikhathi kungaphula inhlabathi eningi, kuhlanganise imifantu, futhi kusimamise inhlabathi, ukuze impande kakolweni nenhlabathi kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezelwa nakho kunomsebenzi wokukhulisa nokugcina umswakama.

5. Ukumboza kahle ngesihlabathi nokolweni ebusika kungajulisa ukujula kokungena kwama-tillering nodes futhi kuvikele amaqabunga eduze nomhlabathi, kunciphise ukuhwamuka komswakama wenhlabathi, kuthuthukise isimo samanzi kuma-tillering nodes, futhi kudlale indima yokulondoloza ukushisa nokuvikela isithwathwa.Ngokuvamile, ukumboza ngenhlabathi engu-1-2 cm ubukhulu kungadlala umphumela omuhle wokuvikela isithwathwa nokuvikela izithombo.I-ridge yensimu kakolweni embozwe inhlabathi izosuswa ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo, futhi inhlabathi kufanele ikhishwe ngaphandle lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-5 ℃.

Ezinhlotsheni ezingakwazi ukumelana nokubanda, amasimu kakolweni ahlanyelayo angashoni kanye nomswakama ophansi kufanele ambozwe ngenhlabathi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngesikhathi se-overwintering, ukumboza ngefilimu ifilimu yepulasitiki kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kuvimbele ngempumelelo ukulimala kwesithwathwa, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo, kwandise i-plant tiller futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwayo kube amathila amakhulu, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokwakhiwa kwe-tiller kanye nokwakheka kwezindlebe.Isikhathi esifanele sokumboza ifilimu yilapho izinga lokushisa lehla liye ku-3 ℃.Kulula ukukhula ngeze uma ifilimu ihlanganiswa kusenesikhathi, futhi amaqabunga kulula ukuqhwaza uma ifilimu ihlanganiswa sekwephuzile.Ukolweni wokuhlwanyela sekwephuzile ungambozwa ngefilimu ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlwanyela.

Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukufafaza ama-herbicides emasimini kakolweni ngomonakalo omkhulu wesithwathwa.Mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini ukufafazwe ngemithi yokubulala ukhula ngokujwayelekile ngemva koMkhosi waseNtwasahlobo, konke kuncike ekubuyisweni kwezithombo zikakolweni.Ukufafazwa ngobumpumputhe kwemithi yokubulala ukhula emasimini kakolweni akulula nje kuphela ukudala umonakalo wokubulala ukhula, kodwa futhi kuthinta kakhulu ukululama okuvamile kwezithombo zikakolweni.