Choyamba, tiyeni titsimikizire mitundu ya nthata.Pali mitundu itatu ya nthata: akangaude ofiira, akangaude okhala ndi mawanga awiri ndi tiyi yellow nthata, ndipo akangaude amawanga awiri amatha kutchedwa akangaude oyera.

1. Zifukwa zomwe akangaude ofiira ndi ovuta kuwalamulira

Alimi ambiri alibe lingaliro la kupewa pasadakhale popewa ndi kuwongolera matenda ndi tizirombo.Koma kwenikweni, sadziwa kuti pamene munda wawonadi kuwonongeka kwa nthata, zakhudza kale ubwino ndi zokolola za mbewu, ndiyeno kutenga njira zina zochizira, zotsatira zake sizili zazikulu monga kupewa pasadakhale, ndi nthata ndi Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasiyananso, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzilamulira pambuyo poti tizirombo tachitika.

(1)Maziko a magwero a tizilombo ndi aakulu.Akangaude ofiira, akangaude okhala ndi mawanga awiri ndi nthata zachikasu za tiyi zimasinthasintha komanso zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndi kuberekana.Amatha kubereka mibadwo 10-20 pachaka.Mzimayi aliyense wamkulu akhoza kuikira mazira pafupifupi 100 nthawi iliyonse.Kumakulitsidwa kofulumira pambuyo pa kutentha ndi chinyezi kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa tizilombo m'munda, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta kuzilamulira.

(2) Kupewa ndi kuchiza kosakwanira.Nsabwe zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono ndipo zimakonda kukhala kumbuyo kwa masamba, ndipo pali masamba ambiri omwe amapindika.Imagawidwa kwambiri m'minda, monga zinyalala, udzu, pamwamba kapena nthambi ndi malo ena obisika, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta kuzilamulira.Komanso, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa komanso kulemera kwake, nthata zimakhala zosavuta kuyenda pansi pa mphepo, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso zovuta kuzilamulira.

(3) Kupewa ndi kuwongolera kosayenera.Kumvetsetsa kwa anthu ambiri za nthata kumangotengera lingaliro la akangaude ofiira, ndipo amaganiza kuti akhoza kuchiritsidwa bola atatenga abamectin.M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito abamectin kuwongolera akangaude ofiira kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.Ngakhale kuti kukana kwina kwapangidwa, mphamvu zowongolera akangaude ofiira akadali abwino.Komabe, mphamvu yolamulira ya kangaude yokhala ndi mawanga awiri ndi nthata za tiyi yachikasu imachepetsedwa kwambiri, choncho nthawi zambiri, ndi chifukwa chofunika kwambiri cha zotsatira zowononga tizilombo chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana.

(4) Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi yopanda nzeru.Alimi ambiri amapopera mankhwala kwambiri, koma sindikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri amachita zimenezo.Poyang'anira nthata m'munda, anthu ambiri amakhalabe aulesi komanso amawopa opopera mankhwala am'mbuyo, motero amasankha njira yopopera mankhwala mwachangu.Ndizofala kwambiri kupopera mu umodzi wa nthaka ndi ndowa yamadzi.Njira yopopera mankhwala yotereyi ndi yosagwirizana komanso yosalolera.Zotsatira zowongolera ndizosafanana.

(5) Kupewa ndi kuwongolera sikuli kwanthawi yake.Popeza alimi ambiri amakhala achikulire, maso awo amakhudzidwa.Komabe, nthata ndizochepa, ndipo maso a alimi ambiri amakhala osawoneka kapena osadziwika bwino, kotero kuti nthata sizimayendetsedwa nthawi yomwe zimawonekera koyamba, ndipo nthata zimachulukana mofulumira, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kukhala ndi mibadwo yosokonezeka, yomwe kumawonjezera zovuta zowongolera ndipo pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kuphulika kwa Field.

2. Makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe

Kangaude, akangaude a mawanga awiri ndi tiyi yellow nthata nthawi zambiri zimadutsa magawo anayi kuchokera ku dzira kufika pa wamkulu, zomwe ndi dzira, nymph, mphutsi ndi zazikulu.Zizolowezi zazikulu za moyo ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

(1) Nyenyezi:

Kangaude wamkulu wamkulu amakhala pafupifupi 0.4-0.5mm kutalika, ndipo ali ndi mawanga owoneka bwino amchira.Mtundu wamba ndi wofiira kapena wofiira, ndipo kutentha koyenera ndi 28-30 ° C.Pali pafupifupi mibadwo 10-13 chaka chilichonse, ndipo nthata iliyonse yaikazi imayikira mazira kamodzi kokha m'moyo wake, mazira 90-100 amaikira nthawi iliyonse, ndipo mazira amatenga masiku 20 mpaka 30, ndipo nthawi yoyamwitsa imakhala. makamaka yokhudzana ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi.Zimawononga makamaka masamba aang'ono kapena zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa kusakula bwino ndi chitukuko.

(2) Kangaude wa mawanga awiri:

Zomwe zimatchedwanso akangaude oyera, chodziwika kwambiri ndi chakuti pali mawanga awiri akuda kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa mchira, omwe amagawidwa mofanana.Nthata zazikuluzikulu zimakhala kutalika kwa 0.45mm ndipo zimatha kutulutsa mibadwo 10-20 pachaka.Amapangidwa makamaka kumbuyo kwa masamba.Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 23-30 ° C.Chifukwa cha chikoka cha chilengedwe, mbadwo wa algebra umasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana.

(3) Nkhumba za tiyi:

Ndi yaying'ono ngati nsonga ya singano, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosawoneka ndi maso.Mbewu zazikulu zimakhala pafupifupi 0.2 mm.Malo ambiri ogulitsa ndi alimi amadziwa pang'ono za nthata zachikasu.Zimapezeka m'mibadwo yambiri, pafupifupi mibadwo 20 pachaka.Imakonda malo ofunda ndi achinyezi.Zitha kuchitika chaka chonse mu wowonjezera kutentha.Nyengo yoyenera kwambiri kuti ikule ndi kuberekana ndi 23-27 ° C ndi 80% -90% chinyezi.Zidzachitika m'dera lalikulu.

3. Njira zopewera ndi mapulogalamu

(1) Mapangidwe amodzi

Pakalipano, pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kupha nthata pamsika.Zosakaniza zodziwika bwino komanso zomwe zili mkati zimaphatikiza izi:

Abamectin 5% EC: Amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera akangaude ofiira, ndipo mlingo pa mu ndi 40-50ml.

Azocyclotin 25% SC: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa akangaude ofiira, ndipo mlingo pa mu ndi 35-40ml.

Pyridaben 15% WP: makamaka ntchito kulamulira akangaude ofiira, mlingo pa mu ndi 20-25ml.

Propargite 73% EC: makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira akangaude ofiira, mlingo pa mu ndi 20-30ml.

Spirodiclofen 24% SC: makamaka ntchito kulamulira akangaude ofiira, mlingo pa mu ndi 10-15ml.

Etoxazole 20% SC: Mite egg inhibitor, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa kukula kwa ma embryonic ndikuchotsa nthata zazikazi, zothandiza ku nyani ndi mphutsi.Kuchuluka kwa mu mu ndi 8-10 magalamu.

Bifenazate 480g/l SC: Kukhudzana ndi acaricide, imakhala ndi mphamvu yolamulira pa akangaude ofiira, akangaude ndi tiyi wachikasu, ndipo imakhudza mwamsanga nyani, mphutsi ndi nthata zazikulu.Zabwino kwambiri zowongolera.Kuchuluka kwa mu mu ndi 10-15 magalamu.

Cyenopyrafen 30% SC: kukhudzana-kupha acaricide, amene ali bwino ulamuliro zotsatira pa red akangaude, mawanga awiri akangaude ndi tiyi yellow nthata, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu kulamulira bwino mayiko osiyanasiyana mite.Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ndi 15-20 ml.

Cyetpyrafen 30% SC: Ilibe machitidwe adongosolo, makamaka amadalira kukhudzana ndi poizoni m'mimba kupha nthata, palibe kukana, komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.Ndiwothandiza pa akangaude ofiira, akangaude okhala ndi mawanga awiri ndi tiyi wachikasu, koma amakhudza kwambiri akangaude ofiira ndipo amatha kuwononga tizilombo tonse.Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ndi 10-15 ml.

(2) Phatikizani Mapangidwe

Kupewa koyambirira: nthata zisanachitike, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, fungicides, feteleza wa foliar, etc. Ndibwino kupopera etoxazole kamodzi pa masiku 15, ndipo kumwa madzi pa muyeso ndi 25-30 kg.Ndi bwino kusakaniza olowera monga lalanje peel zofunika mafuta, silikoni, etc., utsi wogawana mmwamba ndi pansi mbewu yonse, makamaka kumbuyo kwa masamba, nthambi ndi nthaka, kuchepetsa m'munsi chiwerengero cha nthata mazira, ndi nthata. kwenikweni sizichitika mutagwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza, ngakhale Zochitika zidzatetezedwanso bwino.

Kuwongolera kwapakati ndi mochedwa: Mbalame zikachitika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsatirawa kuti athe kuwongolera, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosinthana.

①etoxazole10% +bifenazate30% SC,

kuteteza ndi kupha kangaude wofiira, akangaude ndi nthata za tiyi zachikasu, mlingo wa mu mu umodzi ndi 15-20ml.

②Abamectin 2%+Spirodiclofen 25%SC
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira akangaude ofiira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa mu ndi 30-40ml.

③Abamectin 1%+Bifenazate19% SC

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha akangaude ofiira, akangaude okhala ndi mawanga awiri ndi tiyi wachikasu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa mu imodzi ndi 15-20ml.