I-Allium Leaf Miner yinzalelwane yaseYurophu, kodwa yafunyanwa ePennsylvania ngo-2015. Yimpukane enemibungu etya izityalo ze-Allium genus, kuquka itswele, igalikhi, kunye neeliki.
Ukususela ekufikeni kwayo eUnited States, iye yasasazeka eNew York, eConnecticut, eMassachusetts, eMaryland naseNew Jersey kwaye ithathwa njengesisongelo esikhulu kwezolimo.Iqela labaphandi elikhokelwa nguCornell lenze iimvavanyo zentsimi kwi-14 izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-pesticides kwaye basebenzise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda iindlela ezingcono zonyango.
Iziphumo zabaphandi zichazwe kuphando olwapapashwa ngoJuni 13 kwi-"Journal of Entomology yezoQoqosho" enesihloko esithi "I-Digger for Management of Alliums: Izifo Ezikhulayo kunye Nezinambuzane ze-Allium Crops kuMntla Merika."
Iqela lophando elikhokelwa ngumbhali ophezulu uBrian Nault, unjingalwazi we-entomology kwi-Cornell Agricultural Technology, kunye nenye yeengcali ezikhokelayo zokulawula izinambuzane ze-Allium e-United States, zifumene izibulala-zinambuzane ezininzi zemveli zemveli Inempembelelo engcono kwizinambuzane ezihlaselayo.
UNault uthe: “Kwiifama ze-organic ezingasebenzisi izixhobo zolawulo ezisebenzayo-i-synthetic pesticides-ingxaki ye-allium foliaricides idla ngokuba mbi kakhulu."
I-Phytomyza Gymnostoma (i-Phytomyza Gymnostoma) inezizukulwana ezibini ngonyaka, kwaye abantu abadala bavela ngo-Ephreli naphakathi koSeptemba.Ehlotyeni, amatswele amaninzi ayakhula, yaye kukho unqumamo phakathi kwale mijikelo mibini, nto leyo evumela isityalo ukuba sibaleke izinambuzane.Ngokufanayo, iiglowubhu zetswele zidumba ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ixesha leqabunga lingakwazi ukutya ngokufanelekileyo.
Phakathi kwabasebenzi basezimayini abadala, izityalo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza zisongelwa kakhulu.Kumntla-mpuma weUnited States, intwasahlobo ibandakanya iiliki, iiscallions kunye negalikhi, kwaye ukwindla kubandakanya iiscallions kunye neleeks.Iiallium zasendle ezithatha izizukulwana ezibini zinokuba ngamadama okukhula kwezinambuzane.
Imibungu iqala ukutya ngaphezulu kwesityalo kwaye ifudukele kwisiseko ukuze iguquke.Imibungu inokutshabalalisa izicubu zemithambo yegazi, ibangele usulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lomngundo kwaye ibangele ukubola.
Iqela lophando livavanye izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokulawula kunye ne-anyanisi, iileeks kunye ne-anyanisi eluhlaza ePennsylvania naseNew York kwi-2018 kunye ne-2019. Ukutshiza i-insecticides yamachiza (i-dimethylfuran, i-cyanocyanoacrylonitrile kunye ne-spinosyn) yindlela ehambelanayo kunye nesebenzayo, ukunciphisa umonakalo ukuya kwi-89% kwaye Ukuphelisa izinambuzane ukuya kuma-95%.IDichlorofuran kunye necyanocyanoacrylonitrile ezisetyenziswa ngobuchule bokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi azisebenzi.
Ezinye izibulali zinambuzane (abamectin, paracetamol, cypromazine, imidacloprid, lambda cyhalothrin, methomyl kunye ne spinosyn) nazo zanciphisa ubuninzi be-allium foliaricides.I-Spinosyn isetyenziswe kwiingcambu ezingenanto okanye iiplagi zokusebenza kwezityalo, ukunciphisa umonakalo wezinambuzane emva kokutshintshwa kwe-90%.
Nangona abembi betswele be-allium bengekabi yingxaki ngetswele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi kunye namafama banexhala lokuba banokuba yingxaki ukuba banokutsala kwaye bafudukele entshona (esona sityalo siphambili samatswele).UNat uthe: “Le ibisoloko iyingxaki enkulu kumzi-mveliso wetswele laseMelika.”