I-Allium Leaf Miner idabuka eYurophu, kodwa yatholwa ePennsylvania ngo-2015. Iyimpukane izibungu zayo ezidla izitshalo zohlobo lwe-Allium, okuhlanganisa u-anyanisi, u-garlic, nama-leeks.
Selokhu yafika e-United States, isisakazekele eNew York, eConnecticut, eMassachusetts, eMaryland naseNew Jersey futhi ibhekwa njengosongo olukhulu lwezolimo.Ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa ngu-Cornell lenze izivivinyo zensimu ezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo ezingu-14 ezibulala izinambuzane futhi lazisebenzisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqonda izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu.
Okutholwe ngabacwaningi kwachazwa ocwaningweni olwanyatheliswa ngo-June 13 ku-“Journal of Economic Entomology” enesihloko esithi “The Digger for Management of Alliums: Emerging Diseases and Pests of Allium Crops in North America.”
Ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa umlobi ophezulu uBrian Nault, uprofesa wesayensi yezinambuzane e-Cornell Agricultural Technology, futhi ongomunye wochwepheshe abahamba phambili bokulawula izinambuzane ze-Allium leaf e-United States, lithole izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali eziningana zendabuko Inomphumela omuhle kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezihlaselayo.
UNault uthe: “Emapulazini aphilayo angasebenzisi amathuluzi okuphatha asebenzayo-izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa—inkinga yama-allium foliaricides ivame ukuba nkulu kakhulu.”
I-Phytomyza Gymnostoma (Phytomyza Gymnostoma) inezizukulwane ezimbili ngonyaka, kanti abadala bavela ngo-April naphakathi no-September.Ehlobo, u-anyanisi omningi uyakhula, futhi kuba khona ikhefu phakathi kwale mijikelezo emibili, okuvumela isivuno ukuba sibaleke ezinambuzaneni.Ngokufanayo, izigaxa zika-anyanisi zivuvukala ngokushesha, okwenza isikhathi seqabunga singakwazi ukudla ukudla ngendlela efanele.
Phakathi kwabavukuzi abadala, izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza zisongelwa kakhulu.Enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, intwasahlobo ihlanganisa amaliki, ama-scallions nesweli, kanti ikwindla ihlanganisa ama-scallion namaliki.Ama-allium asendle ahlanganisa izizukulwane ezimbili angaba amachibi okukhula kwezinambuzane.
Izibungu ziqala ukudla phezulu kwesitshalo bese zifudukela esisekelweni ukuze ziphenduke.Izibungu zingabhubhisa izicubu zemithambo yegazi, zibangele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta futhi zibangele ukubola.
Ithimba labacwaningi lihlole amasu ahlukahlukene okuphatha ngo-anyanisi, ama-leeks kanye no-anyanisi oluhlaza e-Pennsylvania naseNew York ngo-2018 no-2019. Ukufafaza ama-insecticides amakhemikhali (i-dimethylfuran, i-cyanocyanoacrylonitrile ne-spinosyn) kuyindlela engaguquki kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo, ukunciphisa umonakalo kuze kufike ku-89% futhi ukuqeda izinambuzane kuze kufike ku-95%.I-Dichlorofuran ne-cyanocyanoacrylonitrile esetshenziswa ngendlela yokunisela ngamaconsi awasebenzi.
Ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane (abamectin, paracetamol, cypromazine, imidacloprid, lambda cyhalothrin, methomyl kanye ne-spinosyn) nazo zanciphisa ukuminyana kwe-allium foliaricides.I-Spinosyn isetshenziswa ezimpandeni ezingenalutho noma amapulaki ukuze kusebenze isitshalo, inciphisa ukulimala kwezinambuzane ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha ngo-90%.
Nakuba abamba u-anyanisi bengakabi yinkinga ngo-anyanisi kuze kube manje, abacwaningi nabalimi bakhathazeka ngokuthi bangase babe yinkinga uma bethola ukudonsa futhi befudukela entshonalanga (okuyisilimo esiyinhloko sika-anyanisi).UNat uthe: “Lokhu bekulokhu kuyinkinga enkulu embonini ka-anyanisi yaseMelika.”