Ukususela ngoFebruwari, ulwazi malunga nenzeka yengqolowa isityalo esiphuzi, ukomisa kunye nokufa kwintsimi yengqolowa kuye kwavela rhoqo kumaphephandaba.

1. Unobangela wangaphakathi ubhekisa kwisakhono sezityalo zengqolowa ukumelana nengqele kunye nomonakalo wembalela.Ukuba iintlobo zengqolowa ezinganyangekiyo kubanda zisetyenziselwa ukulima, imeko yezithole ezifileyo iyakwenzeka ngokulula kwimeko yokwenzakala komkhenkce.Ukunyamezelana okubandayo kwezithole zengqolowa nganye kuhlwayelwe kwangoko kakhulu kwaye iipanicles zazo zahlulahlulwe zibe yimiqolo emibini ngaphambi kokuba ubusika bube buthathaka, kwaye izithole zihlala zifa kabuhlungu xa kunokuthi kwenzeke umonakalo kwiqabaka.Ukongeza, ezinye izithole ezibuthathaka zidla ngokufa ngenxa yengqele kunye nomonakalo wembalela ngenxa yeswekile encinci eqokelelwe ngokwazo.

2. Imiba yangaphandle ibhekisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwesityalo sengqolowa ngokwaso, njengemozulu embi, iimeko zomhlaba kunye nemilinganiselo engafanelekanga yokulima.Umzekelo, imvula encinci ehlotyeni nasekwindla, ukufuma okungonelanga komhlaba, imvula encinci, ikhephu kunye nomoya obandayo kakhulu ebusika nasentwasahlobo kuya kuyenza ibe mandundu imbalela yomhlaba, yenze iindawo zokulima ingqolowa kumaleko womhlaba kunye nokutshintsha ngesiquphe ubushushu nengqele, kwaye kukhokelela ingqolowa physiological dehydration kunye nokufa.

Ngomnye umzekelo, ukuba iindidi ezinobusika obuthathaka kunye neendawo zokuhlakula ezingenzulu zikhethiwe, izithole nazo ziya kufa xa umahluko wobushushu mkhulu ngenxa yefuthe lobushushu bomhlaba.Ukongeza, ukuba imbewu ihlwayelwe emva kwexesha kakhulu, inzulu kakhulu okanye ixinene kakhulu, kulula ukwenza izithole ezibuthathaka, ezingenakukwazi ukukhuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwengqolowa.Ngokukodwa ukuba umswakama womhlaba ungonelanga, amanzi asebusika awathululwanga, okunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ukufa kwezithole ngenxa yokudibanisa kubanda kunye nesomiso.

Kukho iimpawu ezintathu zezithole zengqolowa ezifileyo:

1. Ingqolowa yonke yomile kwaye ityheli, kodwa inkqubo yeengcambu iqhelekile.

2. Ukukhula ngokubanzi kwezithole zengqolowa kwintsimi akunamandla, kwaye umcimbi wokubuna kunye nokuphuzi kwenzeka kwiiflakes ezingaqhelekanga.Kunzima ukubona ubukho bamagqabi aluhlaza kwiindawo ezibune kakhulu kwaye zityheli.

3. Incam yegqabi okanye igqabi libuna ngendlela yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi, kodwa iimpawu ezipheleleyo zokubuna kunye nokuba tyheli zincinci.

Ingqolowa iyabuna kwaye ibemthubi kwiindawo ezinkulu.Ngubani umoni?

Ukutyala ngokungafanelekanga

Ngokomzekelo, kummandla osemazantsi wengqolowa yasebusika yaseHuanghuai, ingqolowa ehlwayelwe ngaphambi nasemva kombethe obandayo (ngo-Oktobha 8), ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, inamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuchwayita.Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokucinezelwa kwangethuba okanye ukulawulwa kweziyobisi kumasimi engqolowa, kulula ukwenza iindawo ezinkulu zomonakalo weqabaka xa ubushushu buhla ngesiquphe.Phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu, amanye amasimi engqolowa anamanzi aneleyo kunye nesichumiso nawo “zezona ndawo zichaphazeleka kakhulu” kwizithole ezichumileyo.Ingqolowa yaseWangchang yangena kwinqanaba lokudibanisa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokulala ebusika.Emva kokuphathwa kakubi yiqabaka, inokuxhomekeka kuphela ekuhlakulelweni ukuze kuphinde kwenziwe izithole zokuhlakula, nto leyo eye yangcwaba umngcipheko omkhulu wokucuthwa kwesivuno kwisivuno sengqolowa sonyaka olandelayo.Ke ngoko, xa abalimi betyala ingqolowa, banokubhekisa kwimisebenzi yeminyaka edlulileyo, kodwa babhekisele nakwimozulu yendawo kunye neemeko zokuchuma kwentsimi kunye namanzi aloo nyaka ukumisela ubungakanani kunye nexesha lokutyala ingqolowa, kunokuba bangxamele ukutyala kunye. umoya.

Ingca ebuyela entsimini ayiyonzululwazi

Ngokophononongo, into yokuba tyheli kwengqolowa kwizikhondo zombona kunye nezikhondo zeembotyi zesoya kubi kakhulu.Oku kubangelwa kukuba ingcambu yengqolowa iyanqunyanyiswa kwaye ingcambu incamathele kakubi emhlabeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho izithole ezibuthathaka.Xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngesiquphe (ngaphezu kwe-10 ℃), oko kuya kuwenza mandundu umonakalo weqabaka kwizithole zengqolowa.Nangona kunjalo, amasimi engqolowa aneendiza ezicocekileyo entsimini, amasimi engqolowa aye acinezelwa emva kokuhlwayelwa kunye namasimi engqolowa anendalo engabuyiyo yeendiza phantse awabuni kwaye atyheli ngaphandle kwemiba yokuchuma.

Ukuvakalelwa kweentlobo zokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa

Akunakuphikiswa ukuba iqondo lokunyamezela kubanda kweentlobo zengqolowa lihlukile.Ngenxa yeminyaka eqhubekayo yobusika obufudumeleyo, wonke umntu unikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwingqele yasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngoMatshi nangoAprili.Abalimi abaluhoyi ulawulo lomonakalo obandayo wengqolowa ebusika, ngakumbi isiqu esifutshane kunye ne-spike enkulu njengowona mgangatho wokukhetha imbewu, kodwa ungayihoyi eminye imiba.Ukusukela ekuhlwayelweni kwengqolowa, ibikwimeko eyomileyo, kwaye ukugqwesa kwezinto ezingezizo ezinjengomququ obuyela entsimini kunye nokuhla ngesiquphe kwamaqondo obushushu kuye kwanyusa ukwenzeka komonakalo weqabaka yembewu yengqolowa, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zengqolowa. ayinyamezeli kubanda.

Indlela yokunciphisa indawo enkulu yezithole zengqolowa ezibuniweyo?

Okwangoku, izithole zengqolowa zise-hibernation, ngoko ke akubalulekanga kangako ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa njengokutshiza kunye nokuchumisa, kodwa kwiindawo ezineemeko, ukunkcenkceshela ebusika kunokuqhutywa kwimozulu yelanga.Xa iqondo lobushushu linyuka emva koMthendeleko waseNtwasahlobo kwaye ingqolowa ingena kwixesha lokubuya kohlaza, i-8-15 kg yesichumiso senitrogen ingagalelwa ngemumu nganye.Emva kokuba amagqabi amatsha ekhulile, i-humic acid okanye isichumiso solwandle + i-amino oligosaccharide ingasetyenziselwa ukutshiza ngamagqabi, enempembelelo entle kakhulu ekubuyiseni ukukhula kwengqolowa.Ukushwankathela, isenzeko sommandla omkhulu wokubuna kunye nokutyheli kwezithole zengqolowa kubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemozulu, iindiza kunye nexesha elingafanelekanga lokuhlwayela.

Amanyathelo okulima ukunciphisa izithole ezifileyo

1. Ukukhethwa kweentlobo ezichasene nokubanda kunye nokukhethwa kweentlobo ezinobusika obuqinileyo kunye nokuchasana kakuhle nokubanda kuyimilinganiselo esebenzayo yokukhusela izithole ezifileyo ekulimazeni kweqhwa.Xa uzisa iintlobo, yonke imimandla kufuneka iqale iqonde ukulungelelaniswa kweentlobo, ithathele ingqalelo isivuno sabo kunye nokumelana nokubanda, kunye neentlobo ezikhethiweyo ziyakwazi ukusinda ebusika ngokukhuselekileyo ubuncinane kwiminyaka emininzi yendawo.

2. Ukunkcenkceshelwa kwezithole Xa kulinywa kwangethuba amasimi engqolowa anokufuma okungonelanga komhlaba, amanzi anokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuhlakula.Ukuba umhlaba uchume ngokwaneleyo, umthamo omncinci wesichumisi sekhemikhali unokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhuthaza ukuntshula kwangethuba kwezithole, ukuze kube lula ukukhuselwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezithole.Ulawulo lwamasimi engqolowa ehlwayelwe kade kufuneka lugxile ekuphuculeni ubushushu bomhlaba kunye nokugcina ukufuma.Umhlaba unokukhululwa ngokulinywa okuphakathi.Akufanelekanga ukunkcenkceshela kwinqanaba lokugalela, kungenjalo kuya kunciphisa ubushushu bomhlaba kwaye kuchaphazele ukuphuculwa nokuguqulwa kwemeko yezithole.

3. Ukunkcenkceshela ngexesha lasebusika kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwasebusika kunokwenza indawo efanelekileyo yamanzi yomhlaba, ilawule izondlo zomhlaba kumhlaba ongaphezulu, iphucule amandla obushushu bomhlaba, ikhuthaze iingcambu zezityalo kunye nokuhlakula, kwaye ivelise izithole ezomeleleyo.Ukunkcenkceshela ebusika akuncedi kuphela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-overwintering kunye nokukhuselwa kwezithole, kodwa kunciphisa imiphumo emibi yomonakalo obandayo wentwasahlobo, umonakalo wembalela kunye nokutshintsha okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa.Ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuthintela ukufa kwezithole zengqolowa ebusika nasentlakohlaza.

Amanzi asebusika aya kugalelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.Kufanelekile ukukhenkceza ebusuku kwaye uchithe emini, kwaye ubushushu ngu-4 ℃.Xa amaqondo obushushu engaphantsi kwe 4 ℃, ukunkcenkceshela kwasebusika kuqhelene nomonakalo womkhenkce.Unkcenkceshelo lwasebusika kufuneka lulawulwe ngokomgangatho womhlaba, imeko yezithole kunye nokufuma.Umhlaba wodongwe kufuneka ugalelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kwangethuba ukuphepha iqabaka kuba amanzi awakwazi ukutshona ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba kukhenkce.Umhlaba onesanti kufuneka unkcenkceshelwe kade, kwaye omnye umhlaba omanzi, umhlaba weendiza zerayisi okanye amasimi engqolowa anomhlaba olungileyo asenokungankcenkceshelwa, kodwa amasimi engqolowa anomthamo omkhulu womququ obuyiselwe entsimini kufuneka ankcenkceshelwe ebusika ukuze atyumzwe. ubunzima bomhlaba kunye nomkhenkce izinambuzane.

4. Ukuxinana ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokwaphula ubunzima bomhlaba, kudibanise iintanda, kwaye kuzinzise umhlaba, ukwenzela ukuba ingcambu yengqolowa kunye nomhlaba unokudityaniswa ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula kweengcambu.Ukongezelela, ukunyanzeliswa kunomsebenzi wokunyusa nokugcina umswakama.

5. Ukugqunywa ngokufanelekileyo ngesanti kunye nengqolowa ebusika kunokunyusa ubunzulu bokungena kwi-tillering nodes kunye nokukhusela amaqabunga kufuphi nomhlaba, ukunciphisa ukufuma komhlaba, ukuphucula imeko yamanzi kwiindawo zokuhlakula, kunye nokudlala indima yokugcina ubushushu kunye nokukhusela iqabaka.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugquma ngomhlaba 1-2 cm ubukhulu kunokudlala umphumo omuhle wokukhusela iqabaka kunye nokukhusela izithole.Umqolo wentsimi yengqolowa ogqunywe ngomhlaba uya kucocwa entlakohlaza, kwaye umhlaba uya kucocwa ngaphandle komqolo xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-5 ℃.

Kwiintlobo ezingakwazi ukumelana nokubanda, amasimi engqolowa anokutyalwa ngokungekho nzulu kunye nesiqulatho sokufuma esingenamandla kufuneka agqunywe ngomhlaba ngokukhawuleza.Ngexesha le-overwintering, i-mulching yefilimu yeplastiki inokunyusa ubushushu kunye nokufuma, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo umonakalo weqabaka, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, ukwandisa i-plant tiller kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwii-tillers ezinkulu, kunye nokuphucula isantya sokwenza i-tiller kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlebe.Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokugquma ifilimu kuxa ubushushu behla ukuya kwi-3 ℃.Kulula ukukhula ngelize ukuba ifilimu igutyungelwe kwangaphambili, kwaye amaqabunga alula ukukhenkceza ukuba ifilimu ihlanganiswe emva kwexesha.Ingqolowa yokuhlwayela kade ingagqunywa ngefilimu ngoko nangoko emva kokuhlwayela.

Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukutshiza i-herbicides kumasimi engqolowa ngomonakalo omkhulu weqabaka.Ngokumalunga nokutshiza imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo emva koMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo, yonke into ixhomekeke ekufumaneni izithole zengqolowa.Ukutshiza ngokungaboniyo kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kumasimi engqolowa akulula nje ukwenza umonakalo wokutshabalalisa ukhula, kodwa kukwachaphazela ngokunzulu ukufunyanwa kwezithole zengqolowa.