(Ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane, Okthoba 1, 2019) Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe ku-“Chemosphere”, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angabangela ukusabela kwe-trophic cascade, okuholela ekwandeni kolwelwe.Nakuba izinqubo zamanje zokulawula izibulala-zinambuzane e-United States zigxile ebuthini obukhulu bezibulala-zinambuzane futhi zingase zicabangele imiphumela ethile engapheli, inkimbinkimbi yomhlaba wangempela echazwe kulolu cwaningo ayikabuyekezwa.Amagebe ekuhloleni kwethu ngeke nje alethe imiphumela emibi kakhulu ohlotsheni ngalunye, kodwa nakuyo yonke i-ecosystem.
Abacwaningi baphenya ukuthi izimuncagazi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-chytrids zilawula kanjani ukukhula kwe-phytoplankton.Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-chytrid zidume kabi ngemiphumela yazo ezinhlotsheni zamasele, ezinye empeleni zinikeza izindawo ezibalulekile zokuma ku-ecosystem.
Umcwaningi we-IGB uDkt. Ramsy Agha wathi: “Ngokuthelela ama-cyanobacteria, isikhunta esiyisinambuzane sizonciphisa ukukhula kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukuvela nokuqina kokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinobuthi.”“Nakuba ngokuvamile sicabanga ngesifo njengento engeyinhle, izimuncagazi zibalulekile emvelweni yasemanzini Ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kulokhu kungase kube nomphumela omuhle.Abacwaningi banezela ukuthi ukungcola okubangelwa umuthi obulala isikhunta kungaphazamisa le nqubo yemvelo.
Endaweni yaselabhorethri, ama-fungicides ezolimo i-penbutaconazole ne-azoxystrobin ahlolwe ngokumelene nama-cyanobacteria ayengenwe i-chyle nezimbali ezinobuthi.Iqembu lokulawula nalo lasungulwa ukuze liqhathanise imiphumela.Ezimweni ezingase zenzeke emhlabeni wangempela, ukuthintana kwalezi zibulala-sikhunta ezimbili kuzoholela ekuncipheni okukhulu kwezifo ze-filarial parasite.
Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides kungase kukhuthaze ukukhula kolwelwe oluyingozi ngokuvimbela amagciwane esikhunta, futhi amagciwane esikhunta angase alawule ukukhula kwawo.
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane zibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni ulwelwe oluyingozi.Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Nature ngo-2008 lwathola ukuthi i-attriazine yokubulala ukhula ingabulala ngokuqondile ulwelwe lwamahhala lwe-planktonic, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukuthi ulwelwe olunamathiselwe lukhule lungalawuleki.Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bathola eminye imithelela ezingeni le-ecosystem.Ukukhula kwe-algae enamathiselwe kuholela ekwandeni kwesibalo seminenke, okungase kuthelele ama-amphibian parasites.Ngenxa yalokho, iminenke eyengeziwe kanye nomthwalo we-parasite ophakeme kuholela ekuthelelekeni okuphezulu kwenani lamaxoxo endawo, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani labantu.
I-Beyond Pesticides isebenzela ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela engaqondakali kodwa ebucayi yeleveli ye-ecosystem yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.Njengoba saveza ocwaningweni olushicilelwe ngesonto eledlule, ucwaningo lulinganisela ukuthi izinyoni eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zilahlekile kusukela ngo-1970, zenza u-30% wabantu base-US.Umbiko awuwona nje umbiko ngezinyoni, umayelana , Izikelemu kanye nemibiko yokwehla kwe-cad, ukudala izinhlobo zokudla ezisekelwe kuwebhu.
Njengoba omunye umbhali walolu cwaningo uDkt. Justyna Wolinska abonisa: “Njengoba ukutshalwa nokuhlonzwa kwesikhunta sasemanzini ezindlini zokucwaninga zesayensi kuqhubeka nokuba ngcono, ukuhlola ingozi kufanele kucabangele umthelela wemithi ebulala isikhunta esikhunta sasemanzini.”Akudingekile kuphela ukucabangela izindaba eziphakanyiswe ucwaningo lwamanje., Kodwa futhi kudingeka ucabangele umthelela ongaqondile owandile wokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi izimbangela zezibulala-zinambuzane ziyithinta kanjani yonke iwebhu yokudla kanye ne-ecosystem, bona i-Beyond Pesticides.Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kubeka engozini uhlobo oluyinhloko kuyo yonke i-ecosystem.