Akungabazeki ukuthi imboni ye-cannabis iyathuthuka.Abantu sebetshale lesi sitshalo iminyaka eminingi, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva kuphela lapho ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano sekugxilwe khona kakhulu.Kubonakala sengathi ngesipiliyoni sethu seminyaka, abantu bazokwazi ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa yonke into kusukela ekutshaleni izitshalo ezimbalwa kuya ekukhiqizeni kwezentengiso kuzoshintsha yonke into.Inkinga eyodwa abalimi abaningi abayitholayo ukuthi i-cannabis inezinkinga eziningi zezinambuzane.I-Phylloxera, i-leaf aphid, i-thrips kanye nesikhunta ngezinye zezinombolo ezikhulayo.Inkinga embi kakhulu izinambuzane.Imisebenzi yokutshala ngokuvamile yenza lezi zinambuzane zilahlekelwe yizitshalo, futhi ukuziqonda kuwukhiye wokulawula inkinga.
Ukuthi unezibungu yigama elibanzi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibungu ekukhiqizeni ukuhweba, futhi i-hemp isengozini yezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene.Kubalulekile ukukhomba kahle izimbuzane zakho ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ezifanele.Awukwazi ukuqagela;kufanele uqiniseke ngo-100%.Uma ungaqiniseki, umxhumanisi wakho wezinambuzane angakusiza ukukhomba.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ama-agent okulawula izinto eziphilayo.Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezitshalweni ezidliwayo, imithetho kazwelonke kanye nezindaba zokulawula ukumelana nezidakamizwa, izinketho zokulawula izinto eziphilayo zifaneleka kakhulu.Okubalulekile ukuqala ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kusenesikhathi.
Izibungu ezivamile ezitshalweni ze-cannabis zingahlukaniswa zibe imindeni emithathu: i-Tetranychidae (Tetranychidae), i-spider mites, i-Tar mites (Tarsonemidae), i-thread mites kanye ne-Eriophyidae (Eriophyidae).Uhlu lungase lunwetshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kunamarekhodi asokhaya amasha.
Uma othile ekhuluma ngezibungu zesicabucabu, ngokuvamile ubhekisela ezibungwini ezimbili ezinamabala (Tetranychus urticae).Khumbula, ama-spider mite umndeni obanzi wezibungu.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-spider mite, kodwa eyodwa kuphela i-spider mite enamabala amabili.Yilokhu okuvamile kwinsangu.I-Tetranychus urticae itholakala nakwezinye izitshalo eziningi zokuhlobisa nemifino, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula izinambuzane ngoba zitholakala yonke indawo.
Abesifazane abadala bangaba ngu-0.4 mm ubude kanti abesilisa bancane kancane.Ngokuvamile, zingabonakala nge-webbing ejikelezayo ebusweni be-blade.Kuleli netha, ezinsikazi zizobeka amaqanda (afinyelela emakhulwini ambalwa), futhi lawa maqanda ayindilinga ngokuphelele.
Lezi zimbuzane zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile ezivamile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.Kubonakala sengathi inani labantu laqhuma ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa ngokuvamile bebelokhu bakhela lapho ngaphandle kokunakwa.Lapho zihlala emaqabungeni, izicabucabu ezimbili ezibomvu ezinamabala zidla ngokufaka izingxenye zomlomo zazo emangqamuzaneni ezitshalo futhi zidle okuqukethwe kuzo.Uma zilawulwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isitshalo singase silulame ngaphandle kokucekela phansi amaqabunga.Uma izitshalo zingelashwa, amaqabunga azophenduka aphuzi futhi avele amachashaza angama-necrotic.Izibungu zingafuduka zibe izimbali futhi zibe inkinga lapho izitshalo zomile lapho zivunwa.
Ukulimala okubangelwa izibungu (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) kungabangela ukukhula nokuguquka.Amaqanda ane-ovoid futhi ambozwe ngamabala amhlophe, okuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuwabona.
Isibungu esisabalele singolunye uhlobo lwezimbuzane ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala kuzo futhi ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke.Izibungu zazo zincane kakhulu kunezicabucabu ezinamaphoyinti amabili (ukuzibona, udinga ukusondeza okungenani izikhathi ezingu-20).Abesifazane abadala bangu-0.2 mm ubude, kanti abesilisa bancane kancane.Indlela elula yokuwabona kuvela emaqandeni awo.Amaqanda amise okweqanda anamaqoqo amhlophe kuwo.Acishe abe namabala amhlophe kuwo.
Ngaphambi kokulimala, kunzima ukubona ukuthi kukhona izibungu.Lokhu kuvame ukuba yindlela abalimi abathola ngayo ukuthi bangabanikazi bazo.Isibungu sinamafutha anobuthi, okwenza amaqabunga amasha ahlanekezelwe futhi ajiye.Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, lawa mahlamvu awakwazi ukululama kulo monakalo.Ukubonakala kwamaqabunga amasha (ngaphandle kwezibungu) kuzoba okujwayelekile.
Lesi simbuzane sabeka inselele kubalimi ngo-2017. Ngenxa yezindlela ezingezinhle zokukhiqiza kanye nezimo zenhlanzeko, sabhebhetheka njengomlilo wequbula.Le mite ihlukile kunezimbuzane ezimbili ezedlule ngoba ingumsingathi othile wensangu.Abantu bebelokhu bedidekile, becabanga ukuthi lolu uhlobo olufanayo lwezinambuzane ezibomvu ezitshalweni zikatamatisi, kodwa lungolunye uhlobo lwezimbuzane ( Aculops lycopersici ).
Izibungu zincane kakhulu futhi zidinga ukukhuliswa ukuze uzibone.Incane ngosayizi, ingafakwa kalula ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa ezingathinteki neze izingubo namathuluzi abalimi.Abalimi abaningi abazi ngale hazard baze bayibone, lapho izimbuzane zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.Lapho izibungu zidla izitshalo, zingabangela ukuqhakaza, ukugoqa amaqabunga, futhi kwezinye izimo kube namabhamuza.Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa okubi kakhulu, kuba nzima ukususa lesi zinambuzane.
Izibungu ze-Ephedra, i-Aculops cannabicola.Umonakalo odalwe yi-Aculops cannabicola uhlanganisa imiphetho egoqekile namaqabunga e-russet.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga azophenduka aphuzi futhi awe.
Okufana ngakho lezi zinambuzane ukuthi unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okutheleleka ngezibungu ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuhlanzeka.Kuthatha kuphela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula, ezingabizi kakhulu ukumisa ukugqashuka.Phatha indawo ekhulela kuyo njengegumbi lokuhlinzela esibhedlela.• Vimbela izivakashi nabasebenzi: Uma othile (okuhlanganisa nawe) ebamba iqhaza kwesinye isenzakalo sokutshala, ungabavumeli ukuthi bangene endaweni yakho yokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwezingubo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile noma ukushintsha izingubo.Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle uma kungokokuqala efika namuhla, kungcono ukungavumeli muntu ukuba angene. Uma uxubha isitshalo esihlaselwe, ungase ucoshe izibungu ezingutsheni zakho.Uma usebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezingubo ukuze ugcobe kwezinye izitshalo, lungase lusakaze izinambuzane nezifo.•Amathuluzi: Lapho uhamba phakathi kwezitshalo nezindawo zokutshala, hlanza amathuluzi njalo ngesibulali magciwane.• Ama-clones noma ama-cuttings: Leli inani lemisebenzi othe wazithelele yona wena ungazi.Izilokazane zifinyelela ngqo entweni yezitshalo eyethulwe.Lapho usika, kufanele kube nenqubo yokusebenza evamile, indlela yokusingatha ngayo ukuqinisekisa isiqalo esihlanzekile.Khumbula, cishe ngeke ukwazi ukubona inkinga ngeso lenyama kulesi sigaba.Ukucwiliswa kuwoyela wasengadini noma insipho ebulala izinambuzane kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwezibungu ezintsha.Uma lezi zicucu zibambekile, ungazibeki endaweni yokukhiqiza enkulu nezinye izitshalo.Gcina ukuzihlukanisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinambuzane ezigejayo phakathi nenqubo yokucwiliswa.•Izitshalo ezifuywayo: Ungazami ukusebenzisa izindawo ezikhulayo ukuze udlule ubusika izitshalo zasendlini noma ezinye izitshalo ezifuywayo kubasebenzi.Izinambuzane eziningi ezihlanganayo zizokweqa izitshalo zakho ngenjabulo.• Qala ngokushesha, ungalindi: uma izinsalela zokubhoboza sezibambekile, ziqale ngokushesha ohlelweni lwezimbuzane ezidla inyama (Ithebula 1).Ngisho nabalimi bezitshalo zokuhlobisa, inani labo lesitshalo ngasinye liphansi kune-cannabis, sebeqalile ukugcina izitshalo zabo zihlanzekile kusukela ekuqaleni.Ungalindi uze uhlangabezane nezinkinga.
Ezinye izifundazwe zihlinzeka ngohlu olugunyaziwe lwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni insangu.Eminingi yale mikhiqizo ithathwa njengemikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane engozini kakhulu.Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho ngaphansi kweFederal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.Le mikhiqizo ayikahlolwa kanzima ngemikhiqizo ebhaliswe nge-EPA.
Ezimweni eziningi, lapho usetshenziswa nezibungu, amafutha angadi anganikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokulawula, kodwa ukumbozwa kwesifutho kubalulekile.Uma izibungu zigejiwe, izinombolo zazo zizokhula ngokushesha.Ngokufanayo, uma amafutha amaningi seyomile, izithako eziwusizo zingakhululwa.
Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ama-agent okulawula izinto eziphilayo.Njengoba isivuno se-hemp sikhula, ama-trichome azokwakheka.Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, isitshalo sizonamathela kakhulu ukuze izilwane ezidla ezinye zikwazi ukuhambahamba esitshalweni.Lapho isithakazelo singahamba ngokukhululeka, sicela uphathe ngaphambi kwalokho.
Kule minyaka engu-25 edlule, u-Suzanne Wainwright-Evans (ovikelwe nge-imeyili) unikeze imboni ngezeluleko ezichwepheshile zengadi/ze-entomological.Ungumnikazi we-Buglady Consulting futhi ugxile ekulawuleni izinto eziphilayo, i-IPM, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo, izinto eziphilayo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuzinzile.Izitshalo zakhe ezigxile kuzo zihlanganisa izitshalo zokuhlobisa, i-hemp, i-hemp kanye namakhambi/imifino.Buka zonke izindaba zababhali lapha.
[...] kuwebhusayithi ye-greenhouse;Kulayishwe ngu: Suzanne Wainwright-Evans (Suzanne Wainwright-Evans): Ukuthi izimbuzane yitemu elibanzi.[…] Kunezinhlobo eziningi
Uqinisile ukuthi uwoyela wengadi uyasebenza.Ngisho noma ungaboni izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-phytotoxicity, amafutha kapharafini namanye amafutha asekelwe ku-petroleum avame ukuphuza i-photosynthesis izinsuku ezimbalwa.Izifutho zamafutha abalulekile zibulala izibungu ze-russet ngokushesha, kodwa zivame ukuhlubula i-wax emaqabunga, okubuye kubambezele ukukhula kwezitshalo.I-circadian rhythm ihlanganisa amafutha emifino kanye namafutha e-peppermint ukufaka i-polyvinyl alcohol wax yemvelo emaqabunga esikhundleni se-wax engase igezwe.Enye yalezi zinhlayiya iyi-biostimulant, i-triethanol.Uma unentshisekelo, ngingakuthumelela ukuhlolwa.Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ovuselela ukukhula ungafinyelelwa uma usetshenziswa masonto onke kusukela kuma-clones okuzimpande noma izithombo ezisakhulayo.