Roberto Lopez na Kellie Walters, Ngalaba Horticulture, Michigan State University-May 16, 2017
Okpomọkụ ikuku na alkalinity nke mmiri na-ebu n'oge a na-etinye ya ga-emetụta ịdị irè nke ethephon plant growth regulator (PGR) ngwa.
A na-ejikarị ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi (PGR) dị ka sprays foliar, infusions substrate, lining infusions ma ọ bụ bulbs, tubers na rhizomes infusions/infusions.Iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe n'ubi griin haus nwere ike inyere ndị na-akụ ahịhịa aka imepụta otu osisi na kọmpat nke enwere ike ịchịkọta ngwa ngwa, bufee ma resị ndị ahịa.Ọtụtụ n'ime PGR nke ndị na-akụ griin ha ji eme ihe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, pyrethroid, chlorergot, damazine, fluoxamide, paclobutrazol ma ọ bụ uniconazole) na-egbochi elongation stem site na igbochi biosynthesis nke gibberellins (GAs) (Uto gbasaa) Gibberellin bụ hormone osisi na-achịkwa uto.Na azuokokoosisi na elongated.
N'ụzọ dị iche, ethephon (2-chloroethyl; phosphonic acid) bụ PGR nke nwere ọtụtụ ojiji n'ihi na ọ na-ahapụ ethylene (hormone osisi na-ahụ maka maturation na senescence) mgbe etinyere ya.Enwere ike iji ya gbochie elongation stem;mụbaa dayameta azuokokoosisi;belata ikike apical, na-eduga n'ịba ụba alaka na uto n'akụkụ;na-eme ka mkpofu nke okooko osisi na buds (ete ime) (foto 1).
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya mee ihe n'oge mmeputakwa, ọ nwere ike ịtọ "elekere nke ndu" nke ihe ọkụkụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị isi (dị ka Impatiens New Guinea) na efu site n'ime ka ite ime nke ifuru na ifuru ifuru (foto 2).Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ na-eji ya na-abawanye alaka ma belata elongation nke petunia (foto 3).
Foto 2. Oge ntozu na nke na-ezighi ezi na-eto eto na mmeputakwa nke Impatiens New Guinea.Foto nke Roberto Lopez, Mahadum Michigan State.
Onyonyo 3. Petunia mesoro ethephon abawanyela alaka, mbelata internode elongation na aborted ifuru buds.Foto nke Roberto Lopez, Mahadum Michigan State.
Ethephon (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Florel, 3.9% ingredient ingredient; ma ọ bụ Collate, 21.7% ingredient) na-etinyekarị sprays n'ubi griin haus otu izu abụọ ka a gachara, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe otu izu abụọ ka e mesịrị.Ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ ya, gụnyere oke, olu, ojiji nke surfactants, pH nke ngwọta ịgba, iru mmiri na griin haus.
Ọdịnaya na-esonụ ga-akụziri gị otu esi ebuli ngwa nke ethephon sprays site na nlekota na imezi ihe abụọ omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi na-elegharakarị anya na-emetụta arụmọrụ.
Dị ka ọtụtụ kemịkalụ griin haus na akụrụngwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, a na-ejikarị ethephon eme ihe n'ụdị mmiri mmiri (spray).Mgbe ethephon gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ethylene, ọ na-agbanwe site na mmiri mmiri gaa na gas.Ọ bụrụ na ethephon emebiwo n'ime ethylene n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọtụtụ kemịkalụ ga-efunahụ ikuku.Ya mere, anyị chọrọ ka osisi na-etinye ya n'ime ya tupu agbajie ya na ethylene.Ka uru pH na-abawanye, ethephon na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime ethylene.Nke a pụtara na ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ idowe pH nke ngwọta ịgba n'etiti 4 ruo 5 akwadoro mgbe agbakwunyere ethephon na mmiri ebu.Nke a anaghị abụkarị nsogbu, n'ihi na ethephon bụ acidic.Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na alkalinity gị dị elu, pH nwere ike ọ gaghị adaba n'ime oke akwadoro, ma ị nwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe nchekwa, dị ka acid (sulfuric acid ma ọ bụ adjuvant, pHase5 ma ọ bụ egosi 5) iji wedata pH..
Ethephon bụ acidic.Ka ntinye uche na-abawanye, pH nke ngwọta ga-ebelata.Ka alkalinity nke onye na-ebu mmiri na-ebelata, pH nke ngwọta ga-ebelata (foto 4).Ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ bụ idobe pH nke ngwọta ịgba n'etiti 4 na 5. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eto eto nke mmiri dị ọcha (obere alkalinity) nwere ike ịtinye ihe nchekwa ndị ọzọ iji gbochie pH nke ngwọta ịgba ahụ ka ọ dị ala (pH na-erughị 3.0). ).
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 4. Mmetụta nke alkalinity mmiri na ntinye ethephon na pH nke ngwọta ịgba.Ahịrị ojii na-egosi pH nke ebu mmiri akwadoro.
N'ime nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya sitere na Mahadum Michigan State, anyị jiri alkalinities atọ na-ebu mmiri (50, 150 na 300 ppm CaCO3) na ethephon anọ (Collat ​​e, Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA; 0, 250, 500). na 750) tinye ethephon (ppm) itinye uche na ivy geranium, petunia na verbena.Anyị chọpụtara na ka alkalinity nke onye na-ebu mmiri na-ebelata na ntinye nke ethephon na-abawanye, uto ductility na-ebelata (foto 5).
Ọgụgụ 5. Mmetụta nke alkalinity mmiri na ntinye nke ethephon na alaka na okooko nke geranium ivy.Foto nke Kelly Walters.
Ya mere, MSU Extension na-atụ aro ka ịlele alkalinity nke mmiri na-ebu ibu tupu i jiri ethephon.Enwere ike ime nke a site na izipu ihe nlele mmiri na ụlọ nyocha masịrị gị, ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike iji mita alkalinity na-eji aka nwalee mmiri ahụ (Nkeji 6) wee mee mgbanwe dị mkpa dịka akọwara n'elu.Na-esote, tinye ethephon wee lelee pH nke ngwọta ịgbasa na mita pH ejiri aka iji jide n'aka na ọ dị n'etiti 4 na 5.
Foto 6. mita alkalinity na-ebugharị, nke enwere ike iji na greenhouses iji chọpụta alkalinity mmiri.Foto nke Kelly Walters.
Anyị ekpebiwokwa na okpomọkụ n'oge ngwa kemịkalụ ga-emetụtakwa ịdị irè nke ethephon.Ka ikuku ikuku na-abawanye, ọnụego mwepụta ethylene sitere na ethephon na-abawanye, na-ebelata ike ya.Site na nyocha anyị, anyị chọpụtara na ethephon nwere arụmọrụ zuru oke mgbe ngwa ngwa dị n'etiti 57 na 73 degrees Fahrenheit.Otú ọ dị, mgbe okpomọkụ ahụ bilitere na 79 degrees Fahrenheit, ethephon fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmetụta ọ bụla na uto elongation, ọbụna uto alaka ma ọ bụ ifuru osisi ite ime (foto 7).
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 7. Mmetụta nke ngwa ngwa ngwa na arụmọrụ nke 750 ppm ethephon spray na petunia.Foto nke Kelly Walters.
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nnukwu alkalinity mmiri, biko jiri ihe nchekwa ma ọ bụ adjuvant iji belata alkalinity nke mmiri tupu ị gwakọta ihe ngwọta na-agba na n'ikpeazụ rute uru pH nke ngwọta ịgba.Tụlee ịgbasa ọgwụ ethephon n'ụbọchị ígwé ojii, n'isi ụtụtụ ma ọ bụ mgbede mgbe okpomọkụ griin ha dị n'okpuru 79 F.
Daalụ.Ozi a dabere na ọrụ nke Fine Americas, Inc., Western Michigan Greenhouse Association, Detroit Metropolitan Flower Growers Association na Ball Horticultural Co.
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