Roberto Lopez naKellie Walters, Dhipatimendi reHorticulture, Michigan State University-Chivabvu 16, 2017
Iyo tembiricha yemhepo uye alkalinity yemvura inotakura panguva yekushandiswa ichakanganisa kushanda kweethephon chirimwa chekukura regulator (PGR) application.
Plant growth regulators (PGR) inowanzoshandiswa sefoliar sprays, substrate infusions, lining infusions kana bulbs, tubers uye rhizomes infusions / infusions.Kushandisa chirimwa chemajini pazvirimwa zvegreenhouse zvinogona kubatsira varimi kugadzira yunifomu uye compact zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kurongedzerwa, kutakurwa, uye kutengeswa kune vatengi zviri nyore.Mazhinji ePGRs anoshandiswa nevarimi vegreenhouse (somuenzaniso, pyrethroid, chlorergot, damazine, fluoxamide, paclobutrazol kana uniconazole) inhibit stem elongation nekudzivisa biosynthesis yegibberellins (GAs) (Kuwedzera kukura) Gibberellin ihomoni yekukura inodzokorora.Uye dzinde rakareba.
Kusiyana neizvi, ethephon (2-chloroethyl; phosphonic acid) iPGR ine zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa nokuti inobudisa ethylene (homoni yemiti inokonzera maturation uye senescence) kana ikashandiswa.Inogona kushandiswa kudzivisa kureba kwedzinde;kuwedzera stem diameter;kuderedza apical dominance, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera branching uye lateral kukura;uye kukonzera kudeuka kwemaruva uye buds (kubvisa pamuviri) (mufananidzo 1).
Semuenzaniso, kana ikashandiswa panguva yekubereka, inogona kuseta "biological wachi" yezvirimwa zvinotumbuka zvishoma nezvishoma kana zvisina kuenzana (seImpatiens New Guinea) kusvika zero nekukonzera kubvisa pamuviri kwemaruva nemaruva (mufananidzo 2).Mukuwedzera, vamwe varimi vanoishandisa kuwedzera branching uye kuderedza stem elongation ye petunia (mufananidzo 3).
Mufananidzo 2. Isati yasvika uye isina kuenzana maruva uye kuberekazve kweImpatiens New Guinea.Mufananidzo naRoberto Lopez, Michigan State University.
Mufananidzo 3. Petunia yakarapwa ne ethephon yakanga yawedzera branching, yakaderera internode elongation uye kubvisa maruva maruva.Mufananidzo naRoberto Lopez, Michigan State University.
Ethephon (somuenzaniso, Florel, 3.9% inoshanda ingredient; kana Collate, 21.7% active ingredient) zvipfapfaidzo zvinowanzoiswa kune zvirimwa zvegreenhouse vhiki imwe kusvika maviri mushure mekusimwa, uye zvinogona kushandiswazve vhiki imwe kusvika mbiri gare gare.Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kushanda kwayo, zvinosanganisira reshiyo, vhoriyamu, kushandiswa kwevasingafadzi, pH yemushonga wekupfapfaidza, substrate humidity uye greenhouse humidity.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinokudzidzisa maitiro ekugadzirisa mashandisirwo eethephon sprays nekutarisa uye kugadzirisa maviri anowanzo furatirwa tsika nemagariro zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda.
Zvakafanana nemakemikari mazhinji egreenhouse uye chirimwa genetic resources, ethephon inowanzo shandiswa mumvura (spray) fomu.Kana ethephon ichishandurwa kuita ethylene, inoshanduka kubva pamvura kuenda kune gasi.Kana ethephon yakaora kuita ethylene kunze kwefekitari, mazhinji emakemikari anorasika mumhepo.Naizvozvo, tinoda kuti inyurwe nezvirimwa isati yaputswa kuita ethylene.Sezvo kukosha kwepH kuchiwedzera, ethephon inokurumidza kuora kuita ethylene.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chinangwa ndechekuchengetedza pH yemushonga wekupfapfaidza pakati peinokurudzirwa 4 kusvika 5 mushure mekuwedzera ethephon kumvura inotakura.Izvi kazhinji harisi dambudziko, nekuti ethephon inowanzoita acidic.Nekudaro, kana alkalinity yako yakakwira, iyo pH inogona kusawira mukati meiyo yakakurudzirwa renji, uye ungangoda kuwedzera buffer, senge acid (sulfuric acid kana adjuvant, pHase5 kana chiratidzo 5) kudzikisa pH..
Ethephon inowanzoita acidic.Sezvo kuwedzera kunowedzera, pH yemhinduro inoderera.Sezvo iyo alkalinity yemutakuri wemvura inoderera, iyo pH yemhinduro inodererawo (mufananidzo 4).Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuchengeta pH yemushonga wekupfapfaidza iri pakati pe4 ne5. Zvisineyi, varimi vemvura yakacheneswa (low alkalinity) vangada kuwedzera mamwe mabuffers kudzivirira pH yemushonga wespray kuti isanyanya kuderera (pH isingasviki 3.0). )
Mufananidzo 4. Mhedzisiro yemvura alkalinity uye ethephon concentration pane pH ye spray solution.Mutsetse mutema unoratidza yakakurudzirwa mutakuri wemvura pH 4.5.
Muchidzidzo chechangobva kuitika kubva kuMichigan State University, takashandisa maalkalinities matatu anotakura mvura (50, 150 uye 300 ppm CaCO3) uye mana ethephon (Collat ​​e, Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA; 0, 250, 500 uye 750) yakaisa ethephon (ppm) concentration kune ivy geranium, petunia uye verbena.Takaona kuti sezvo alkalinity yemutakuri wemvura inoderera uye kuwanda kwe ethephon kunowedzera, iyo ductility kukura inoderera (mufananidzo 5).
Mufananidzo 5. Mhedzisiro yemvura alkalinity uye ethephon concentration pane branching uye maruva eivy geranium.Mufananidzo naKelly Walters.
Naizvozvo, MSU Extension inokurudzira kuti utarise alkalinity yemvura inotakura usati washandisa ethephon.Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekutumira sampu yemvura kurabhoritari yaunoda, kana kuti unogona kuedza mvura yacho neruvoko rwealkalinity meter (Mufananidzo 6) wobva waita gadziridzo dzinodiwa sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro.Zvadaro, wedzera ethephon uye tarisa pH yemushonga wekupfapfaidza uine pH meter inobatwa neruoko kuti uone kuti iri pakati pe4 ne5.
Mufananidzo 6. Inotakurika yakabatwa neruoko alkalinity mita, inogona kushandiswa mumagreenhouse kuona alkalinity yemvura.Mufananidzo naKelly Walters.
Isu takaona zvakare kuti tembiricha panguva yekushandiswa kwemakemikari ichakanganisawo kushanda kwe ethephon.Sezvo tembiricha yemhepo ichiwedzera, chiyero chekuburitswa kwe ethylene kubva ethephon inowedzera, ne theoretically inoderedza kushanda kwayo.Kubva mukutsvagisa kwedu, takaona kuti ethephon ine humbowo hwakakwana kana tembiricha yekunyorera iri pakati pe57 ne73 degrees Fahrenheit.Zvisinei, apo tembiricha yakakwira kusvika 79 degrees Fahrenheit, ethephon yakanga isingaite pakukura kwekurebesa, kunyange kukura kwebazi kana kubvisa maruva maruva (mufananidzo 7).
Mufananidzo 7. Mhedzisiro yekushisa kwekushandisa pakushanda kwe750 ppm ethephon spray pa petunia.Mufananidzo naKelly Walters.
Kana uine alkalinity yemvura yakakwira, ndapota shandisa buffer kana adjuvant kuderedza alkalinity yemvura usati wasanganisa mushonga wekupfapfaidza uye wozosvika pa pH kukosha kwemushonga wekupfapfaidza.Funga kupfapfaidza ethephon pamazuva ane makore, mangwanani-ngwanani kana manheru apo tembiricha yegreenhouse iri pasi pe79 F.
Ndatenda.Ruzivo urwu rwunobva pabasa rinotsigirwa neFine Americas, Inc., Western Michigan Greenhouse Association, Detroit Metropolitan Flower Growers Association, uye Ball Horticultural Co.
Ichi chinyorwa chakaburitswa neMichigan State University.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota shanya https://extension.msu.edu.Kuti utumire pfupiso yemeseji yacho zvakananga kune yako email inbox, ndapota shanya https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters.Kuti ubate nyanzvi munharaunda yako, ndapota shanya https://extension.msu.edu/experts kana kufonera 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).
Michigan State University chiitiko chekusimbisa, mukana wakaenzana mushandirwi, akazvipira kukurudzira munhu wese kuti azadzise kugona kwavo kuburikidza nevashandi vakasiyana siyana uye tsika inosanganisirwa yekuwana kugona.Zvirongwa zvekuwedzera zveMichigan State University uye zvekushandisa zvakavhurika kune wese munhu, zvisinei nedzinza, ruvara, nyika kwakabva, murume kana murume, mukadzi, chitendero, zera, kureba, huremu, kuremara, zvitendero zvezvematongerwo enyika, hunhu hwepabonde, chimiro chewanano, chimiro chemhuri, kana kuenda pamudyandigere. Chinzvimbo chehondo.Mukubatana neUnited States Department of Agriculture, yakabudiswa kuburikidza nekusimudzira kweMSU kubva May 8 kusvika June 30, 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, MSU Extension Director, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Ruzivo urwu nderwezvinangwa zvekudzidzisa chete.Kutaurwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kana mazita ekutengesa hazvireve kuti anotsigirwa neMSU Extension kana kufarira zvigadzirwa zvisina kutaurwa.Iyo 4-H zita uye logo inodzivirirwa zvakanyanya neCongress uye inodzivirirwa nekodhi 18 USC 707.