Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochepetsera chiwopsezo chokhala mu mbewu zobiriwira, zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (PGRs) ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kukula kwa mizu ndikuwongolera ulimi wambewu.
Ndipo kasupe uno, kumene mbewu zambiri zimavutikira pambuyo pa nyengo yamvula, ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha pamene alimi adzapindula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso mwanzeru kwa mankhwalawa.
Dick Neale, manejala waukadaulo ku Hutchinsons anati:
"Zomera zilizonse zomwe zidabowoledwa mpaka Seputembala ndi koyambirira kwa Okutobala zitha kuwonedwa ngati zachilendo malinga ndi pulogalamu yawo ya PGR, poyang'ana kuchepetsa malo ogona."
Nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti PGRs amapanga zolima zambiri, koma sizili choncho.Matillers amalumikizidwa ndi kupanga masamba ndipo izi zimalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yotentha, malinga ndi a Neale.
Ngati mbewu sizinabowoledwe mpaka Novembala, zomwe zikutuluka mu Disembala, zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yotentha yotulutsa masamba ndi zolima.
Ngakhale palibe kuchuluka kwa zowongolera kukula komwe kungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mathila pachomera, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi nayitrogeni woyambilira ngati njira yosungiramo mathila ambiri ngakhale akukolola.
Komanso, ngati mbewu zili ndi masamba olima omwe atsala pang'ono kuphulika, ma PGR atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kukula kwawo pokhapokha ngati mphukirayo ilipo.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi ndi kulinganiza ma tillers mwa kupondereza kulamulira kwa apical ndikupanga mizu yochulukirapo, yomwe ma PGR atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ikagwiritsidwa ntchito msanga (mpaka kukula kwa gawo 31).
Komabe, ma PGR ambiri sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanafike gawo la 30, akulangiza a Neale, choncho fufuzani zovomerezeka pa chizindikirocho.
Pa barele chitani zomwezo ndi tirigu pa gawo la kukula kwa 30, koma samalani ndi kukula kwa zinthu zina.Ndiye pa 31, mlingo wapamwamba wa prohexadione kapena trinexapac-ethyl, koma palibe 3C kapena Cycocel.
Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti balere nthawi zonse amabwerera kuchokera ku Cycocel ndipo amatha kupatsa malo ogona ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chlormequat.
A Neale nthawi zonse amatha kumaliza balere m'nyengo yachisanu pakukula 39 ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid.
"Pakadali pano, balere watsala pang'ono 50% kutalika kwake komaliza, ndiye ngati pali kukula kwakukulu kumapeto kwa nyengo, mutha kugwidwa."
Trinexapac-ethyl yowongoka ikuyenera kuyikidwa osapitirira 100ml/ha kuti azitha kusokoneza bwino anthu olima, koma izi sizingawongolere kukula kwa tsinde la mbewu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomera zimafunika mlingo wouma wa nayitrogeni kuti mathila akule, kukankha ndi kusinthasintha.
A Neale akuwonetsa kuti sangagwiritse ntchito chlormequat pakugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa PGR tiller.
Kupitilira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lachiwiri la PGRs, alimi akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kukula kwa tsinde.
Bambo Neale anachenjeza kuti: “Alimi afunika kusamala chaka chino, chifukwa tirigu wobowola mochedwa akadzuka, ndiye kuti ayamba kulima.
Ndizotheka kuti tsamba lachitatu lifike pa siteji ya kukula 31 osati 32, kotero alimi ayenera kuzindikira bwino tsamba lomwe likutuluka pagawo la 31.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo pakukula kwa gawo 31 kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo zili ndi tsinde lamphamvu popanda kuzifupikitsa.
"Ndinkagwiritsa ntchito prohexadione, trinexapac-ethyl, kapena osakaniza omwe ali ndi chlormequat 1 litre/ha," akufotokoza motero.
Kugwiritsa ntchito izi zikutanthauza kuti simunachite mopambanitsa ndipo ma PGR adzawongolera mbewu monga momwe amafunira m'malo mofupikitsa.
"Sungani mankhwala opangidwa ndi 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid m'thumba lakumbuyo, popeza sitingathe kutsimikiza kuti kukula kwa masika kudzachita chiyani," akutero a Neale.
Ngati m'nthaka muli chinyontho komanso nyengo ikutentha, pakatha masiku ambiri olima, mbewu zochedwa zimatha kuphuka.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nyengo mochedwa kuti muthane ndi chiwopsezo chokhazikika cha mizu ngati mbewuyo ikamera mochedwa m'nthaka yonyowa.
Komabe, zilizonse zomwe nyengo ya masika imagwetsa, mbewu zobowoleza mochedwa zidzakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, akuchenjeza a Neale.
Chiwopsezo chachikulu chaka chino ndi kuyika mizu osati kuyika tsinde, chifukwa dothi silinapangidwe bwino ndipo limatha kungosiya mizu yake.
Apa ndipamene kupatsa tsinde mphamvu kudzakhala kofunikira, ndichifukwa chake kungogwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa PGRs ndizo zonse zomwe Mr Neale akulangiza nyengo ino.
“Musadikire n’kuona ndiyeno n’kukhala wotopa,” iye akuchenjeza motero."Zowongolera kukula kwa zomera ndizomwezo - kufupikitsa udzu sicholinga chachikulu."
Olima ayenera kuunika ndi kulingalira za kukhala ndi zakudya zokwanira pansi pa mmera kuti athe kuzisamalira ndi kuzisamalira nthawi imodzi.
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (PGRs) zimatsata dongosolo la mahomoni a mmera ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kakulidwe ka mbewu.
Pali magulu angapo a mankhwala omwe amakhudza zomera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo alimi nthawi zonse amafunika kuyang'ana chizindikirocho asanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse.