Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlala ezitshalweni eziluhlaza, izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGRs) nazo ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lokusiza ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nokulawula ukulima ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu.
Futhi le ntwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo eziningi zidonsa kanzima ngemva kobusika obumanzi, iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi abalimi bazozuza nini ekusebenziseni le mikhiqizo ngendlela efanele nangesu.
"Izilimo zikakolweni zigcwele yonke indawo kulo nyaka," kusho u-Dick Neale, umphathi wezobuchwepheshe e-Hutchinsons.
"Noma iziphi izitshalo ezimbiwe ngoSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba zingaphathwa njengezijwayelekile ngokohlelo lwazo lwe-PGR, kugxilwe ekwehliseni indawo yokuhlala."
Kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi ama-PGR adala amathila amaningi, kodwa akunjalo.Amathila axhumene nokukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga futhi lokhu kuxhunyaniswa nesikhathi esishisayo, ngokusho kukaMnu Neale.
Uma izitshalo zingambiwa kuze kube uNovemba, zivela ngokuphumelelayo ngoDisemba, zinesikhathi esincane sokushisa sokukhiqiza amaqabunga namathila.
Nakuba lingekho inani lesilawuli sokukhula elizokwandisa inani lamathila esitshalweni, angasetshenziswa kanye ne-nitrogen yokuqala njengendlela yokugcina amathila amaningi ukuze kuvunwe.
Futhi, uma izitshalo zineziqu zamathila ezilungele ukuqhuma, ama-PGR angasetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwawo kodwa kuphela uma ihlumela lethila likhona ngempela.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukulinganisa amathila ngokucindezela ukubusa kwe-apical nokudala ukukhula okwengeziwe kwezimpande, ama-PGR angasetshenziswa ukukwenza lapho esetshenziswa kusenesikhathi (ngaphambi kwesigaba sokukhula sama-31).
Nokho, ama-PGR amaningi awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kwesigaba sokukhula esingu-30, kweluleka uMnu Neale, ngakho hlola ukugunyaza kulebula.
Ngebhali yenza okufanayo nanjengokolweni esigabeni sokukhula sama-30, kodwa qaphela ukukhula kokukhula kweminye imikhiqizo.Bese kuthi ku-31, imithamo ephezulu ye-prohexadione noma i-trinexapac-ethyl, kodwa ayikho i-3C noma i-Cycocel.
Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ibhali lihlala lihlehla lisuka ku-Cycocel futhi lingadala indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe lisebenzisa i-chlormequat.
UMnu Neale ubezobe eqeda njalo ibhali yasebusika esigabeni sokukhula sama-39 ngomkhiqizo osuselwe ku-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid.
"Okwamanje, ibhali isiku-50% kuphela wobude bayo bokugcina, ngakho-ke uma kukhona ukukhula okuningi ngasekupheleni kwesizini, ungabanjwa."
I-trinexapac-ethyl eqondile kufanele isetshenziswe ingabi ngaphezu kuka-100ml/ha ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa kahle kwamathila, kodwa lokhu ngeke kulawule ukunwetshwa kwesiqu sesitshalo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo zidinga umthamo oqinile we-nitrogen ukwenza amathila akhule, aphushele futhi alinganisele ngaphandle.
UMnu Neale uphakamisa ukuthi yena mathupha ngeke asebenzise i-chlormequat ohlelweni lokuqala lokukhohlisa lwe-PGR tiller.
Ukuqhubekela phambili ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba sesibili sama-PGR, abalimi kufanele babheke kakhulu ukulawula ukukhula kokukhula kwesiqu.
“Abalimi kuzomele baqikelele kulo nyaka, njengoba uma ukolweni obholwe sekwephuzile uvuka, uzowuthola,” kuxwayisa uMnu Neale.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi amaqabunga esithathu angafika esigabeni sokukhula 31 hhayi 32, ngakho abalimi kuzodingeka babone ngokucophelela iqabunga eliphuma esigabeni sokukhula sama-31.
Ukusebenzisa ingxube esigabeni sokukhula 31 kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zinamandla amahle ngaphandle kokuzifinyeza kakhulu.
“Bengingasebenzisa i-prohexadione, i-trinexapac-ethyl, noma ingxube efinyelela ku-1litre/ha ye-chlormequat,” uyachaza.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza kuzosho ukuthi awukakwenzi ngokweqile futhi ama-PGR azolawula isitshalo njengoba kuhlosiwe kunokusifinyeza.
“Gcina umkhiqizo osuselwe ku-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid ephaketheni elingemuva, njengoba singeke siqiniseke ukuthi ukukhula kwentwasahlobo kuzokwenzani ngokulandelayo,” kusho uMnu Neale.
Uma kusenomswakama enhlabathini futhi isimo sezulu sifudumele, nezinsuku zokukhula ezinde, izitshalo eziphuzile zingasuka.
Ukuzikhethela ukufaka isicelo senkathi yamuva nje ukuze kubhekwane nengozi eyengeziwe yokumila kwezimpande uma ukukhula kwesitshalo sekwephuzile ngokushesha emhlabathini omanzi
Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sasentwasahlobo sinjani, izitshalo ezimbiwe sekwephuzile zizoba nepuleti elincane lezimpande, kuxwayisa uMnu Neale.
Ingcuphe enkulu kulo nyaka kuzoba ukugxunyekwa kwezimpande hhayi ukugxumeka kweziqu, njengoba inhlabathi isivele isesimweni esibi futhi ingase ishiye izimpande ezizisekelayo.
Kulapho ukuhlinzeka isiqu ngamandla kuzobaluleka, yingakho nje ukusebenzisa ama-PGRs kuyilokho kuphela uMnu Neale akwelulekayo kule sizini.
Uyaxwayisa: “Ungalindi ubone bese ucindezelwa."Abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo yibo kanye - ukufinyezwa kotshani akuyona inhloso eyinhloko."
Abalimi kufanele bahlole futhi bacabange ngokuba nokudla okwanele ngaphansi kwesitshalo ukuze bakwazi ukuzinakekela nokuyiphatha ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGRs) ziqondise ohlelweni lwamahomoni esitshalo futhi zingasetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhula kwesitshalo.
Kunamaqembu amaningi ahlukene amakhemikhali athinta izitshalo ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi abalimi badinga njalo ukuhlola ilebula ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngamunye.