Benjamin Phillips, Katoloso ea Univesithi ea Naha ea Michigan;le Mary Mary Hausbeck, Lefapha la Dimela, Mobu le Disaense tsa Ditshelo tse Nnyane, MSU-Motsheanong 1, 2019
Chlorothalonil (Bravo / Echo / Equus) ke FRAC M5 fungicide, e tsejoang ka ho ba bonolo ho e sebelisa e le sehlahisoa se ikemetseng kapa e le molekane oa motsoako oa tanka, 'me e ka thibela likokoana-hloko tse ngata tsa meroho.Mehlala e meng ea li-fungicides tsa chlorothalonil tse sebelisoang ho laola maloetse li kenyelletsa blight ea lekhasi la tamati ryegrass le ho bola ha litholoana, tamati late blight, tamati anthracnose ripe fruit rot, cercospora le/kapa brown leaf le celery petiole blight , Alternaria alternata le ho khaola makhasi a cercospora le lihoete tsa petiole, matheba a asparagus e tšoeu, matheba a pherese holim'a eiee, konofolo le liliki, le Alternaria alternata holim'a likomkomere, maphutshe, maphutshe le mahapu.Ntle le mehlala ena ea mafu, chlorothalonil e boetse e sebetsa e le molekane oa bohlokoa oa motsoako oa tanka 'me e ka sebelisoa e le sebolaea-fungi khahlanong le hlobo ea downy.Ka lebaka la mekhoa e mengata ea liketso, sehlahisoa se ka sebelisoa khafetsa le ka tatellano.
Nakong ea khaello, li-fungicides tse ling li ka sebelisoa, 'me li-fungicides tse ling li ka khethoa ho netefatsa hore lijalo tsa meroho li sirelelitsoe.Lefapha la Katoloso ea Univesithi ea Michigan State le khothaletsa hore o ele hloko khoutu ea FRAC ha o etsa qeto ea ho sebelisa sebolaea-khuru se seng se sephara.
Mancozeb e fumaneha e le Manzate kapa Dithane.Ke sebolaea-khuru sa FRAC M3 se nang le litlamorao tse tšoanang le tsa chlorothalonil.E ka sebelisoa ho tlatsa likheo tse ngata tse ka bakang mathata ka lebaka la khaello ea chlorothalonil.Ka bomalimabe, leibole ea mancozeb ha e na leseli la ngoliso ea lijalo, ho kenyeletsoa limela tsa Brussels, lihoete, broccoli, celery le liliki.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, nako ea pele ho kotulo bakeng sa mango e batla e le bolelele ba matsatsi a 5, e leng se ka etsang hore ho be thata ho se sebelisetsa lijalo tse holang kapele le tse kotuloang tse ngata joalo ka likomkomere, squash ea lehlabula le squash ea lehlabula.Ka lebaka la mekhoa e mengata ea ts'ebetso, sehlahisoa se ka sebelisoa khafetsa le ka tatellano, empa mefuta e meng e ka sebelisoa feela bakeng sa asparagus makhetlo a mane haholo le lijalo tsa morara bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e robeli haholo.
Phetoho ke sebolaea-lihlopha se sephara sa li-topical system fungicide e leng motsoako oa fludemonil (FRAC 9) le ciprodinil (FRAC 12).E sebetsa kgahlanong le blight ya mahlaku ya Alternaria ho dihwete, matheba a makgasi a Alternaria ho broccoli, Brussels sprouts, k'habeche le cauliflower, crater rot in celery, le matheba a pherese ho eiye.E na le nako ea pele ho kotulo e bapisoang le ea chlorothalonil.Petong, lihoete, celery le eiee, chlorothalonil e ka nkela chlorothalonil sebaka.Leibole ea eona e lekanyelitsoe ho meroho e makhasi le meroho ea metso.Kamora ho sebelisa Phetoho habeli, ka kopo e fetole joalo ka fungicide e emelang khoutu e 'ngoe ea FRAC, ebe u e sebelisa hape.
Scala ke fungicide ea tsamaiso e pharaletseng e entsoeng ka azoxystrobin (FRAC 9).Ha e na mangolo a peto, lifate tsa morara le asparagus.Leha ho le joalo, e ka nka sebaka sa matheba a pherese ka konofolo, liliki le eiee.E na le nako ea kamora kotulo e ts'oanang le chlorothalonil.
Tanos ke sebolaya-mabaka se sephara, sa selehae le sebolaya dikokwana-hloko tse amang, motswako wa famoxalone (FRAC 11) le cyclophenoxy oxime (FRAC 27).E thusa haholo ho laola Alternaria alternata mme e se e sebelisitsoe e le motsoako oa tanka le li-fungicides tse khethehileng tsa downy mildew.Ha ho na mangolo a asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, k'habeche, lihoete, broccoli kapa celery.E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lifate tsohle tsa morara, tamati, pelepele, eie, konofolo le liliki.Hangata, nako ea pele ho kotulo e khuts'oane ho feta ea lihlahisoa tsa Mancozeb, empa bakeng sa lijalo tsa morara, tamati le pelepele, nako ea kotulo e ntse e feta matsatsi a mararo ho feta ea lihlahisoa tsa chlorothalonil.Haeba e sebelisoa khafetsa, lihlahisoa tse ho FRAC 11 li na le kotsi e kholo ea li-anti-pathogens.Ha u sebelisa Tanos lenaneong la ho fafatsa, kamehla u le fetole ho khoutu e 'ngoe ea FRAC.
Pristine ke sebolaya-mabaka se sephara, sa selehae sa systemic le cross-layer, se thehwang ka ho kopanya dibolaya dikokwana-hloko FRAC (FRAC 11) le Carboxamide (FRAC 7).Hajoale, ha e ngotsoe ka asparagus, canola, tamati, pelepele le litapole.E ka sebelisoa sebakeng sa Bravo bakeng sa Alternaria leaf blight lifateng tsa morara le lihoete, Alternaria leaf spot ho celery, le matheba a pherese ho konofolo, liliki le lieie.Nako ea pele ea kotulo e tšoana le ea chlorothalonil.Tekanyo e kahodimodimo ya tshebediso ya dijalo tsa morara ke makgetlo a mane ka selemo, mme tekanyo e phahameng ya tshebediso ya eiye, garlic, le liliki ke makgetlo a tsheletseng ka selemo.Pristine e lumelloa feela ho sebelisoa ka celery habeli ka selemo.Ts'ebetsong ea ho fafatsa, lula u le hole le lihlahisoa tsa FRAC 11 nako le nako ha u sebelisa Pristine.
Quadris / Heritage, Cabrio / Headline kapa Flint / Gem ke mokhoa o pharaletseng oa li-topical system FRAC 11 fungicides.Likokoana-hloko tsena tse thehiloeng ho strobilurin li ngotsoe hore li sebelisoe lijalong tse ngata tsa meroho, 'me hangata nako ea pele ho kotulo ke matsatsi a 0.Lihlahisoa tsena li na le nalane e ntle ea ho phekola mafu a mangata a fungal.Leha ho le joalo, FRAC 11 cone globulin e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho hlahisa likokoana-hloko tse hanyetsanang le lithethefatsi ka ho sebelisoa khafetsa.Bakeng sa ho sireletsa ts'ebeliso ea strobilurin le ho liehisa nts'etsopele ea khanyetso, li-label tsa hajoale li fokotsa palo ea litsamaiso tse latellanang tse lumelletsoeng selemo sefe kapa sefe.Bakeng sa lijalo tse ngata, Quadris / Heritage e lumella lits'ebetso tse peli tse latellanang feela, Cabrio / Headline e lumella ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe feela e tsoelang pele,' me Flint / Gem e lumella lits'ebetso tse 'ne feela.
Letlapa la 1. Papiso ea li-fungicides tse pharaletseng bakeng sa meroho e tloaelehileng e lengoang Michigan (sheba pdf ho hatisa kapa ho bala)
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Univesithi ea Michigan State ke mohiri ea fanang ka menyetla e lekanang, e ikemiselitseng ho finyella bokhabane ka basebetsi ba fapaneng le setso se kenyeletsang, le ho khothaletsa bohle ho finyella bokhoni ba bona ka botlalo.Merero ea katoloso ea Univesithi ea Michigan State le lisebelisoa li bulehetse motho e mong le e mong, ho sa tsotelehe morabe, 'mala, semelo sa naha, tekano, bong, bolumeli, lilemo, bophahamo, boima, kholofalo, litumelo tsa lipolotiki, maikutlo a thobalano, boemo ba lenyalo, boemo ba lelapa kapa ho tlohela mosebetsi. Boemo ba sesole.Ka tšebelisano-’moho le Lefapha la Temo la United States, e ile ea ntšoa ka phahamiso ea MSU ho tloha ka la 8 Motšeanong ho ea ho Phuptjane 30, 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Mookameli oa Katoloso ea MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Lintlha tsena ke tsa merero ea thuto feela.Ho boleloa ha lihlahisoa tsa khoebo kapa mabitso a khoebo ha ho bolele hore li amohetsoe ke Katoloso ea MSU kapa lihlahisoa tse ntle tse sa boleloang.Lebitso la 4-H le logo li sirelelitsoe ka ho khetheha ke Congress mme li sirelelitsoe ka khoutu ea 18 USC 707.