Lupins ayaa dhawaan lagu beeri doonaa si wareeg ah qaybo ka mid ah Boqortooyada Midowday, taasoo siinaysa beeralayda dalagyo wax soo saar badan oo dhab ah, faa'iido badan oo suurtagal ah, iyo faa'iidooyinka horumarinta ciidda.
Seedu waa borotiin tayo sare leh oo bedeli kara qaar ka mid ah digirta dibadda laga keeno ee loo isticmaalo raashiinka xoolaha waana bedel waara ee UK.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida agaasimaha Soya UK David McNaughton tilmaamay, tani maaha mid cusub.“Waxa la beeray ilaa 1996, ilaa 600-1,200 hektar ayaa la beeraa sannad kasta.
"Marka tani maahan kiiska qofka leh meelo badan.Durba waa dalag la beeray oo si fudud loo ballaarin karaa, sababtoo ah waxaan ognahay sida loo beero."
Haddaba maxay tahay sababta weli loo goosan waayey dalagyadii guga?Mr. McNaughton ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan laba sababood oo waaweyn oo aaggu u sii ahaado mid taagan.
Midda koowaad waa xakamaynta haramaha.Ilaa dhawaan, maadaama aysan jirin hab kiimiko oo sharci ah, waxay caddeeyeen inay tahay madax xanuun.
Laakiin saddexdii ilaa afartii sano ee la soo dhaafay, xaaladdu way soo roonaatay iyada oo la ballaariyay oggolaanshaha saddexda herbicides ee horudhaca ah ee isticmaalka labaad.
Kuwani waa nirvana (Imasamo + pendimethalin), S-foot (pendimethalin) iyo Garmit (Cromazong).Waxa kale oo jira doorasho ka dib soo ifbaxa Lentagran (pyridine).
"Waxaan leenahay soo bixitaan horudhac ah iyo soo bixitaan macquul ah kadib, markaa dalagga hadda jira wuxuu la mid yahay digir."
Caqabadda kale waa suuq la'aanta iyo baahida aan ku filnayn ee ka imanaysa isku-dhafka quudinta.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka Frontier iyo ABN ay sameeyaan daraasad ku saabsan suurtogalnimada lupine cad (eeg guddiga) sida quudinta xoolaha, xaaladdu way isbedeli kartaa.
Mr. McNaughton ayaa sheegay in mid ka mid ah qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee caannimada lupine ay tahay tayada sare.Lupins iyo soybeans labaduba waxay ka kooban yihiin heerar sare oo ah amino acids-ka baaruudda ku jira, kuwaas oo muhiim u ah waxqabadka sare ee doofaarka iyo cuntooyinka digaaga iyo lo'da caanaha ee wax soo saarka sare leh."Waxay u baahan yihiin shidaal gantaal ah, labadaba soybeans iyo lupins."
Sidaa darteed, haddii ay jirto warshad isku dhafan, Mr. McNaughton wuxuu la shaqayn doonaa iibsadayaasha si uu u arko aagga lagu beeray dalagga oo balaadhinaya tobanaan kun oo hektar.
Haddaba sidee ayay u ekaan doontaa warshadaha UK?Mr. McNaughton wuxuu aaminsan yahay in iyadoo ku xiran goobta juqraafi, ay noqon doonto isku dhafka buluug iyo caddaan.
Waxa uu sharaxay in lupines buluug, caddaan iyo jaalle ah ay dhab ahaantii yihiin noocyo kala duwan, sida sarreenka, shaciir iyo miraha ay yihiin miro kala duwan.
Lupine cad ayaa si fiican u qabata, ka kooban borotiinka 38-40%, saliid ka kooban 10%, iyo dhalidda 3-4t/ha."Maalin wanaagsan, waxay gaari doonaan 5t/ha."
Sidaa darteed, caddaanku waa doorashada koowaad, laakiin Lincolnshire iyo Staffordshire, wuxuu ku talinayaa in loo beddelo buluug sababtoo ah goor hore ayay u bislaan, gaar ahaan haddii beeralayda uusan hadda lahayn diquat qalalan.
Mr. McNaughton waxa uu sheegay in lupin-yada cad-cad ay dulqaad badan u leeyihiin oo ay ku kori karaan ciidda ka hoosaysa pH 7.9, halka buluugna uu ku kori karo pH 7.3.
"Asal ahaan, mar ay xididadu la kulmaan xaalado alkaline ah, marka aad leedahay yaraanta birta ee joogtada ah, ha ku korin jiirar jilicsan."
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"Carrada dhoobada ah, waa caadi, laakiin dhumuc weyn, qallafsan, dhoobo ku habboon.Waxay sidoo kale ku xiran yihiin isugeynta."
Waxa uu tilmaamay in ciidda Nottinghamshire, iyo ciidda Blakelands iyo Dorset ay ku habboon yihiin dalagyada.Wuxuu intaas ku daray: "Inta badan dhulka la beeran karo ee East Anglia, East Midlands iyo Cambridgeshire si fiican ayey u shaqeyn doonaan."
Faa'iidooyin badan ayaa u leh beeralayda.Midda koowaad waa in kharashkooda beerista uu yar yahay, waxayna u baahan yihiin wax yar.Marka la barbardhigo dalagyada kale sida kufsiga miraha saliidda leh, asal ahaan ma saameeyaan cayayaanka iyo cudurrada.
Hal cudur, anthracnose, wuxuu keeni karaa dhibaato weyn haddii aan la daweyn.Laakiin way fududahay in kiimikaad ahaan lagu garto oo lagu farsameeyo fungicides alkaline ah.
Mr. McNaughton waxa uu tilmaamay in lupine ay ka fiican tahay digirta marka la hagaajiyo nitrogen, 230-240kg/ha iyo 180kg/ha siday u kala horreeyaan."Waxaad arki doontaa sarreenka leh waxsoosaarka lupine ee ugu sarreeya."
Sida flaxseed, lupins waxay u fiican tahay hagaajinta dhismaha ciidda iyo sii deynta nafaqooyinka ciidda sababtoo ah xididdada digirta ayaa sii daaya acids organic.
Marka la eego quudinta, sida muuqata waxay ka qiimo badan yihiin digirta, ganacsatada quudinta isku-dhafka ah waxay sheegeen inay rumaysan yihiin in 1 kg ee lupine uusan la mid ahayn 1 kg oo soy ah.
Sidaa darteed, Mr. McNaughton wuxuu sheegay in haddii aad u malaynayso inay u dhexeeyaan digirta iyo digirta, waxay ku kacaysaa qiyaastii 275 rodol / ton, isagoo u maleynaya in soybeyadu ay yihiin 350 rodol/ton, digirtana ay yihiin 200 rodol/ton.
Marka loo eego qiimahan, faa'iidada ayaa runtii kordhi doonta, haddii wax soo saarku yahay 3.7t/ha, wadarta wax soo saarku waa £1,017/ha.Sidaa darteed, iyadoo qiimaha 250 rodol hektarkii uu kordhayo, dalaggani wuxuu u muuqdaa mid soo jiidasho leh.
Marka la soo koobo, lupine waxay awood u leedahay inay noqoto dalag qiimo leh, hagaajinta wareegga iyo caafimaadka ciidda, cabbirka Boqortooyada Midowdayna wuxuu la mid yahay kan digirta la kabo.
Laakiin xaaladdu way is beddeshay.Sababo la xiriira walaaca sii kordhaya ee ku saabsan soybeska la keeno, fiiro gaar ah ayaa la siinayaa ilaha borotiinka waara ee gudaha UK.
Tani waa sababta ABN (eeg guddiga) ay u eegto dalagga mar kale, tani waxay noqon kartaa midda saxda ah ee loo baahan yahay si dalagga looga saaro.
AB Agri waxay leedahay waaxyo isku dhafka beeraha iyo quudinta ee Frontier Agriculture iyo ABN, waxayna hadda baranaysaa suurtogalnimada in lagu daro lupine ka beeran UK raashinka xoolaha.
Kooxdu waxay raadinaysaa ilo cusub oo borotiin ah oo waara oo loo isticmaali karo doofaarka iyo cuntooyinka digaaga.
Ujeedada daraasadda suurtogalka ah waa in la isticmaalo khibradda wax-soo-saarka dalagga ee Frontier si loo barto sida loo beero lupins, ka dibna loo awoodo in ay kor u qaadaan si ay isku-hayayaashu ugu kalsoonaadaan sahayda borotiinka ee suurtogalka ah.
Daraasadu waxay bilaabatay 2018, sannadkii hore, gaar ahaan Kent, waxaa dhulka ku yaal 240-280 hektar oo lupine cad ah.Qodista ayaa laga samayn doonaa meelo la mid ah guga soo socda.
Sida laga soo xigtay Robert Nightingale, khabiir ku takhasusay dalagyada iyo joogteynta ee Frontier, wax-soo-saarka cad ee sannadkii hore wuxuu dhaafey 4 tan hektarkiiba.
Casharo badan ayaa laga bartay, oo ay ku jirto baahida loo qabo in la doorto goobta saxda ah.Lupins inta badan waxay ku habboon yihiin carrada dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa fudud sababtoo ah ma jecla isugaynta.
"Waxay u nugul yihiin pH, oo haddii lagu helo, way halgami doonaan.Khubarada beeralayda ayaa hubin doona ku habboonaanta beeraley kasta iyagoo eegaya goobta iyo nooca ciidda ka hor intaysan soo bandhigin cilmi-baaristan.
Dalaggu wuxuu u baahan yahay cabitaan marka la dhiso.Laakiin roobka da'o ka dib, way ka dulqaad badan yihiin abaarta digirta iyo digirta waxayna leeyihiin xidido waaweyn.
Xakamaynta haramaha, Frontier waxay raadinaysaa dookhyada kale ee ka hortagga dhirta si ay u ballaariso oggolaanshaha isticmaalka labaad.
"Kuma filna buuxinta faraqa, laakiin waxay kuxirantahay nooca carrada, waxay cadeyn kartaa inay tahay dalag faa'iido leh."
Wuxuu aaminsan yahay in aagga ugu dambeeya uu noqon karo qiyaastii 50,000 hektar, taas oo noqon karta dalagga u dhow aagga digirta la isku dari karo.
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