Eli nqaku lixoxa ngokusetyenziswa okunokubakho kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo (PGR) kwimveliso yecherry eswiti.Iileyibhile ezisetyenziselwa urhwebo zinokwahluka ngokwemveliso, ngokwelizwe kunye nelizwe, kunye nelizwe/ummandla, kunye nezindululo zokupakisha zinokwahluka ngokweshedi yokupakisha ngokuxhomekeke kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo.Ke ngoko, abalimi bamacherry kufuneka baqinisekise ukufumaneka, ukuba semthethweni kunye nokufaneleka kwayo nayiphi na into enokusetyenziswa kwigadi yabo yeziqhamo.
Kwi-WSU Cherry School yeYunivesithi yaseWashington State ngo-2019, u-Byron Phillips waseWilbur-Ellis uye wabamba isifundo ngemithombo yofuzo yezityalo.Isizathu silula kakhulu.Ngeendlela ezininzi, abona balawuli banamandla okukhula kwezityalo zizitshizi zengca, iipruner kunye neesaha.
Inene, uninzi lomsebenzi wam wophando lwecherry ibigxile ekutheneni nasekuqeqesheni, eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuphembelela ubume besithsaba kunye nomlinganiselo wamagqabi-isiqhamo ukuphumeza nokugcina ubume bomthi obunqwenelekayo kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo.Nangona kunjalo, ndonwabile ukusebenzisa iPGR njengenye isixhobo sokulungisa kakuhle imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yolawulo lwegadi yeziqhamo.
Omnye wemingeni ephambili ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo kwe-PGR ekulawuleni i-sweet cherry orchard kukuba ukuphendulwa kwezityalo ngexesha lokufaka isicelo (ukufunxa / ukufunxa) kwaye emva kokusetyenziswa (umsebenzi we-PGR) kuya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiindidi, iimeko zokukhula kunye neemeko zemozulu.Ngoko ke, umqulu wezincomo awuthembekanga-njengoko kwimiba emininzi yokulima iziqhamo, ulingo oluncinci oluncinci kwifama lunokufuneka ukuze kubonwe eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokujongana nebloko yegadi enye.
Izixhobo eziphambili ze-PGR zokufezekisa isakhiwo esifunekayo se-canopy kunye nokulawula ukugcinwa kwe-canopy ngabakhuthazi bokukhula abafana ne-gibberellin (GA4 + 7) kunye ne-cytokinin (i-6-benzyl adenine okanye i-6-BA), kunye nee-Agents zokuvimbela ukukhula, njenge-original calcium hexadione. (P-Ca)) kunye ne-paclobutrazol (PP333).
Ngaphandle kwe-paclobutrazol, ukuqulunqwa kwentengiso yeyeza ngalinye kunophawu lokuthengisa olubhalisiweyo lweCherry eUnited States, njengePromaline kunye nePerlan (6-BA kunye ne-GA4 + 7), i-MaxCel (6-BA) kunye ne-Apogee kunye ne-Kudos (P-Ca) )., Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiRegalis kwamanye amazwe/imimandla.Nangona i-paclobutrazol (iCultar) ingasetyenziselwa kumazwe athile avelisa i-cherry (njenge-China, i-Spain, i-New Zealand ne-Australia), ibhaliswe kuphela e-United States kwi-turf (i-Trimmit) kunye ne-greenhouses (efana ne-Bonzi, Shrink, Paczol ) Kwaye Piccolo) ishishini.
Olona setyenziso luqhelekileyo lwabakhuthazi bokukhula kukuphembelela i-lateral branching yemithi emincinci ngexesha lophuhliso lwe-canopy.Ezi zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhokelayo okanye ze-scaffolding kwipeyinti kwi-buds, okanye kwi-buds nganye;nangona kunjalo, ukuba imozulu epholileyo ifakwe, iziphumo zinokuba zincinci.
Kungenjalo, xa amagqabi amade avumayo ebonakala kwaye anda, isitshizi se-foliar sinokusetyenziswa kwisikhokelo ekujoliswe kuso okanye kwinxalenye ye-stent, okanye kamva sikhokelwe kwisikhokelo esandisiweyo kwindawo apho amasebe ecala le-syllable kufuneka enziwe.Olunye uncedo lwesicelo sokutshiza kukuba luhlala lugcina ubushushu obuphezulu ngaxeshanye ukufezekisa umsebenzi ongcono wokukhula.
I-Prohexadione-Ca inqanda ubude besebe kunye nokudubula.Ngokuxhomekeke kukuqina kwesityalo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuphinda usebenzise amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lokukhula ukufezekisa inqanaba elifunekayo lokuthintela ukukhula.Isicelo sokuqala sinokwenziwa i-intshi eyi-1 ukuya kwe-3 ukusuka kwisandiso sokuqala sokudubula, kwaye siphinde sisetyenziswe kwakhona kuphawu lokuqala lokukhula ngokutsha.
Ngoko ke, kunokuba nokwenzeka ukuvumela ukukhula okutsha ukuba kufikelele kwinqanaba elifunekayo, kwaye emva koko ufake i-P-Ca ukunqanda ukukhula okuqhubekayo, ukunciphisa imfuno yokuthena ehlotyeni, kwaye kungachaphazeli amandla okukhula exesha lonyaka elilandelayo.I-Paclobutrazol i-inhibitor enamandla kwaye inokuthintela ukukhula kwayo kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, enye yezizathu zokuba ingenakusetyenziswa kwimithi yeziqhamo e-United States.Isebe elithintela i-P-Ca linokuba nomdla ngakumbi nangakumbi kuphuhliso nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho.Ngokomzekelo, i-UFO kunye ne-KGB, zigxininisa kwinkokeli ethe nkqo, engenasebe yesakhiwo se-canopy esivuthiweyo.
Izixhobo eziphambili ze-PGR zokuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo ze-cherry (ubukhulu beziqhamo) ziquka i-gibberellin GA3 (efana ne-ProGibb, i-Falgro) kunye ne-GA4 (i-Novagib), i-alachlor (i-CPPU, i-Splendor) kunye ne-brassinosteroids (i-homobrassinoids).Ester, HBR).Ngokweengxelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-GA4 ukusuka kwi-compact clusters ukuya kwi-petal fall, kwaye ukusuka kwintyatyambo ukuya ekuxobeni kunye nokwahlula (ukuqala kumbala we-straw, ochazwe ukunciphisa uvakalelo lokuqhekeka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile), i-CPPU ikwandisa ubungakanani besiqhamo.
I-GA3 enombala westraw kunye ne-HBR, nokuba zifakwe okwesibini na (ezidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuthwala isityalo esinzima kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe), zinokukhokelela ekwandeni kobukhulu, isiqulatho seswekile kunye nokomelela kwesivuno;I-HBR ithande ukukhula kwangethuba kwaye ngaxeshanye, ngelixa i-GA3 ithande ukulibazisa kwaye ivuthwe ngaxeshanye.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-GA3 kunokunciphisa iblush ebomvu kwicheri etyheli (njenge "Rainier").
Ukusebenzisa i-GA3 kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokutyatyamba kunganciphisa ukumila kweentyatyambo kunyaka olandelayo, ngaloo ndlela kutshintshe umlinganiselo wendawo yamagqabi nesiqhamo, nto leyo enefuthe eliluncedo kumthwalo wesityalo, ukumila kweziqhamo kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo.Ekugqibeleni, umsebenzi othile wokulinga ufumene ukusetyenziswa kwe-BA-6, GA4 + 7 ekuveleni / ukwandiswa kwamagqabi, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuxutywe kwezi zibini kunokunyusa ukwanda kunye nobukhulu bokugqibela bamasebe kunye namagqabi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa umlinganiselo we indawo yamagqabi ukuya kwisiqhamo kwaye Kucingelwa ukuba inefuthe eliluncedo kumgangatho weziqhamo.
Izixhobo eziphambili zePGR ezinokuchaphazela imveliso yegadi yeziqhamo zibandakanya i-ethylene: ukuveliswa kwe-ethylene kwi-ethephon (efana ne-ethephon, i-Motivate) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, njenge-ReTain) ukuvimbela i-ethylene eyenziwe ngezityalo zendalo.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethephon ekwindla (ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba) kubonise ithemba elithile, elinokukhuthaza ukuziqhelanisa nokubanda kunye nokuhlehliswa kweentyantyambo ezilandelayo zentwasahlobo ngeentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu, ezinokunciphisa ingozi yeqabaka yasentwasahlobo.Ukulibaziseka kweentyantyambo kunokunceda ukulungelelanisa ixesha lokuntshula kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomvumvuzelwano, kungenjalo aziyi kungqamana kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela zinyusa izinga lokumiselwa kweziqhamo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethephon phambi kokuvuna kungakhuthaza ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo, umbala kunye nokuchithwa, kodwa idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvunwa ngoomatshini be-cherries elungiswayo, njengoko ingakhuthaza ukuthambisa iziqhamo ezitsha zentengiso.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethephon kunokubangela ukuba umoya ongcolileyo ube ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa okanye uxinzelelo lwemithi ngexesha lokufaka isicelo.Nangona ingabonakalisi ubuhle kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kusebenzisa izixhobo zomthi, i-ethylene-induced breath breathe idla ngokuba nefuthe elibi lexesha elide kwimpilo yomthi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-AVG ngexesha leentyantyambo kuye kwanda ukwandisa ukukwazi kwe-ovule ukwamkela ukuchumisa kwe-pollen, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukulungiswa kweziqhamo, ngakumbi kwiindidi ezivelisa isivuno esiphantsi (ezifana ne "Regina", "Teton" kunye ne "Benton"). .Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kabini ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza (i-10% ukuya kwi-20% yeentyantyambo) kunye ne-50% yeentyantyambo.
U-Greg ubeyingcaphephe yethu yecherry ukusukela ngo-2014. Uzixakekise kuphando lokuphuhlisa kunye nokudibanisa ulwazi malunga neengcambu ezintsha, iintlobo, ubume bendalo kunye nophuhliso lwephysiology, kunye nobuchwepheshe begadi yeziqhamo, kwaye bazidibanise kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa eziphuculweyo.Jonga onke amabali ombhali apha.