Lesi sihloko sidingida ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGR) ekukhiqizeni amacherry amnandi.Amalebula asetshenziselwa ukuthengisa angahluka ngomkhiqizo, isifunda kanye nesifunda, kanye nezwe/isifunda, futhi izincomo zokupakishwa zingase zihluke ngeshede yokupakisha kuye ngemakethe eqondiwe.Ngakho-ke, abalimi bama-cherry kufanele banqume ukutholakala, ukuba semthethweni kanye nokufaneleka kwanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona engadini yabo yezithelo.
E-WSU Cherry School of Washington State University ngo-2019, u-Byron Phillips wase-Wilbur-Ellis wabamba isifundo ngezinsiza zofuzo zezitshalo.Isizathu silula kakhulu.Ngezindlela eziningi, izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezinamandla kakhulu yimishini yokugunda utshani, ama-pruner nama-chainsaw.
Ngempela, iningi lomsebenzi wami wocwaningo lwama-cherry belugxile ekutheneni nasekuqeqesheni, okuyindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuthonya ukwakheka komqhele kanye nesilinganiso samaqabunga nezithelo ukuze kuzuzwe futhi kugcinwe ukwakheka kwesihlahla esifiselekayo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.Nokho, ngiyajabula ukusebenzisa i-PGR njengelinye ithuluzi lokushuna kahle imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuphatha insimu yezithelo.
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwe-PGR ekuphathweni kwensimu ye-sweet cherry ukuthi ukusabela kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokufaka (ukumuncwa/ukumuncwa) nangemuva kokufakwa (umsebenzi we-PGR) kuzohluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, izimo zokukhula nezimo zezulu.Ngakho-ke, iphakethe lezincomo alithembekile-njengoba ezicini eziningi zokutshala isithelo, ezinye izivivinyo ezincane epulazini zingadingeka ukuze kutholwe indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nebhulokhi yensimu eyodwa yezithelo.
Amathuluzi ayinhloko e-PGR okufeza isakhiwo esidingekayo se-canopy kanye nokulawula ukugcinwa kwe-canopy abagqugquzeli bokukhula abafana ne-gibberellin (GA4 + 7) ne-cytokinin (6-benzyl adenine noma i-6-BA), kanye nama-ejenti avimbela ukukhula, njenge-calcium hexadione yasekuqaleni. (P-Ca)) kanye ne-paclobutrazol (PP333).
Ngaphandle kwe-paclobutrazol, ukwakhiwa kwezentengiso komuthi ngamunye kunophawu lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe lwe-Cherry e-United States, njenge-Promaline ne-Perlan (6-BA plus GA4 + 7), i-MaxCel (6-BA) ne-Apogee ne-Kudos (P-Ca )., Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Regalis kwamanye amazwe/izifunda.Nakuba i-paclobutrazol (Cultar) ingasetshenziswa emazweni athile akhiqiza i-cherry (njenge-China, i-Spain, i-New Zealand ne-Australia), ibhaliswe kuphela e-United States ku-turf (Trimmit) kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo (ezifana ne-Bonzi, Shrink, Paczol ) Futhi Piccolo) imboni.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwabagqugquzeli bokukhula ukunxenxa igatsha le-lateral lezihlahla ezincane ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-canopy.Lezi zingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziholayo noma ezihlakazekile kupende kuma-buds, noma kuma-buds ngamanye;Nokho, uma isimo sezulu esipholile sisetshenziswa, imiphumela ingase ibe mincane.
Kungenjalo, lapho kuvela amaqabunga amade aqondile futhi anda, isifutho se-foliar singasetshenziswa kumhlahlandlela oqondiwe noma engxenyeni eqinile, noma kamuva siqondiswe kumhlahlandlela oweluliwe endaweni lapho amagatsha asemaceleni adinga ukwakhiwa.Enye inzuzo yokufakwa kwesifutho ukuthi ngokuvamile igcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kuzuzwe umsebenzi wokukhula ongcono.
I-Prohexadione-Ca ivimbela ubude begatsha nokudubula.Ngokuya ngobungqabavu besitshalo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde ufake isicelo izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokukhula ukuze ufinyelele izinga elifiswayo lokuvimbela ukukhula.Isicelo sokuqala singenziwa amayintshi angu-1 kuya kwangu-3 ukusuka ekunwetshweni kwehlumela lokuqala, bese siphinda sisetshenziswe kuphawu lokuqala lokukhula okuvuselelwe.
Ngakho-ke, kungase kwenzeke ukuvumela ukukhula okusha ukuthi kufinyelele ezingeni elidingekayo, bese usebenzisa i-P-Ca ukuze kumiswe ukukhula okuqhubekayo, kuncishiswe isidingo sokuthena ehlobo, futhi kungaphazamisi amandla okukhula esizini ezayo.I-Paclobutrazol iyi-inhibitor enamandla futhi ingase futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, okungenye yezizathu zokuthi kungani ingasetshenziswa ezihlahleni zezithelo e-United States.Igatsha elivimbela i-P-Ca lingase libe mnandi nakakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekugcinweni kwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.Isibonelo, i-UFO ne-KGB, zigxila kumholi omile, ongenagatsha wesakhiwo se-canopy esivuthiwe.
Amathuluzi ayinhloko e-PGR okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithelo se-cherry emnandi (ikakhulukazi usayizi wezithelo) ahlanganisa i-gibberellin GA3 (efana ne-ProGibb, Falgro) ne-GA4 (Novagib), i-alachlor (CPPU, i-Splendor) kanye ne-brassinosteroids (homobrassinoids).Ester, HBR).Ngokusho kwemibiko, ukusetshenziswa kwe-GA4 kusuka kumaqoqo ahlangene kuya ekuwa kwe-petal, futhi kusukela ekuqhakazeni kuya ekucwecweni nasekuhlukaniseni (kusukela kumbala wotshani, okubikwa ukuthi kunciphisa ukuzwela ekuqhekekeni ngezinga elithile), i-CPPU ikhulisa ubukhulu besithelo.
I-GA3 ne-HBR enombala wotshani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa okwesibili (imvamisa isetshenziselwa imithwalo esindayo yezitshalo futhi iphinde isetshenziswe), ingaholela ekwandeni kosayizi, okuqukethwe ushukela kanye nokuqina kokuvuna;I-HBR ivamise ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-GA3 ivama ukubambezeleka futhi ivuthwe kanyekanye.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GA3 kungase kunciphise ukufiphala okubomvu kuma-cherries aphuzi (njenge-“Rainier”).
Ukusebenzisa i-GA3 emavikini angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 ngemva kokuqhakaza kunganciphisa ukwakheka kwezimbali ngonyaka olandelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule isilinganiso sendawo yamaqabunga nezithelo, okunomthelela onenzuzo ekulayisheni kwezitshalo, ekumisweni kwezithelo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.Ekugcineni, omunye umsebenzi wokuhlola uthole ukusetshenziswa kwe-BA-6, GA4 + 7 ekuveleni/ekwandiseni amaqabunga, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kokubili kungakhuphula ukunwetshwa nobukhulu bokugcina bamagatsha namaqabunga, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isilinganiso indawo yeqabunga esithelweni futhi Kucatshangwa ukuthi inomphumela onenzuzo kwikhwalithi yezithelo.
Amathuluzi ayinhloko we-PGR angase athinte ukukhiqizwa kwensimu yezithelo ahlanganisa i-ethylene: ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene kusuka ku-ethephon (njenge-ethephon, Motivate) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, njenge-ReTain) ukuvimbela i-ethylene ehlanganiswe izitshalo zemvelo.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethephon ekwindla (ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba) kubonise ithemba elithile, elingakhuthaza ukujwayela okubandayo futhi kuhlehlise ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo okulandelayo ngezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu, okungase kunciphise ukulimala kwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo.Ukuphuza ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungase futhi kusize ukuvumelanisa isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezinhlobo ezinempova, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke zihambelane kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izinga elimisiwe lezithelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethephon ngaphambi kokuvuna kungakhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, umbala nokuchithwa, kodwa ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuvuna ama-cherry ngomshini, njengoba kungakhuthaza ukuthambisa izithelo ezingathandeki zezithelo zasemakethe.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethephon kungase kubangele ukuphefumula okubi kumazinga ahlukene, kuye ngezinga lokushisa noma ukucindezela kwezihlahla ngesikhathi sokufaka.Nakuba ingajabulisi ngobuhle futhi izodla izinsiza zesihlahla, iphunga elibi elenziwe nge-ethylene ngokuvamile alinawo umthelela omubi wesikhathi eside empilweni yesihlahla.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AVG ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuye kwanda ukuze kwandiswe ikhono le-ovule lokwamukela ukuvundiswa kwempova, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuhlelwa kwezithelo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezinesivuno esincane (njenge-“Regina”, “Teton” kanye ne-“Benton”) .Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kabili ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza (10% kuya ku-20% yokuqhakaza) kanye no-50% wokuqhakaza.
U-Greg ube umpetha wethu wama-cherry kusukela ngo-2014. Wenza ucwaningo lokuthuthukisa nokuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nezimpande ezintsha, izinhlobo, isayensi yemvelo nentuthuko, kanye nobuchwepheshe bensimu yezithelo, futhi akuhlanganise ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe.Buka zonke izindaba zababhali lapha.