Zaɓaɓɓun masu hana ciyarwa: yanayin ƙungiyoyin ayyuka 9 da 29

Shirye-shiryen juyawa na iya taimakawa masu shuka su hana maganin kwari da acaricides daga rasa tasirin su.
Har yanzu ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari da acaricides don magance matsalar kwari da kwari a cikin tsarin samar da greenhouse.Duk da haka, ci gaba da dogara ga magungunan kwari da/ko acaricides na iya haifar da juriya a cikin kwari da/ko yawan kwaro.Don haka, masu samar da greenhouse suna buƙatar fahimtar yanayin aikin da aka keɓance na kashe kwari da acaricides don haɓaka shirin juyawa da nufin rage/ jinkirta jure magungunan kashe qwari.Yanayin aiki shine yadda magungunan kashe kwari ko acaricides ke shafar metabolism da/ko tafiyar matakai na jiki na kwari ko mites.Ana iya samun yanayin aiwatar da duk maganin kashe kwari da acaricides a cikin daftarin aiki na Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mai take “IRAC Action Mode Classification Scheme” akan irac-online.org.
Wannan labarin ya tattauna tsarin IRAC na Ƙungiyoyin Ayyuka na 9 da 29, waɗanda aka fi sani da "masu hana ciyarwa."Zaɓuɓɓukan ciyarwar abinci guda uku waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin tsarin samar da greenhouse sune: pymetrozine (ƙoƙari: Kariyar amfanin gona na Syngenta; Greensboro, NC), flunipropamide (aria: FMC Corp.) , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), da pyrifluquinazon (Rycar: SePRO Corp.) .; Karmel, Indiana).Kodayake an fara sanya dukkanin magungunan kwari guda uku a cikin rukuni na 9 (9A-pymetrozine da pyrifluquinazon; da 9C-flonicamid), an motsa flunipropamide zuwa 29th saboda nau'i daban-daban ga takamaiman wuraren masu karɓa.rukuni.Gabaɗaya, ƙungiyoyin biyu suna aiki akan chondroitin (masu karɓan shimfiɗa) da gabobin ji a cikin kwari, waɗanda ke da alhakin ji, daidaitawar motsi, da tsinkayen nauyi.
Pyrmeazine da pyrflurazine (IRAC kungiyar 9) ana daukar su azaman masu daidaitawa ta hanyar TRPV a cikin gabobin guringuntsi.Wadannan sinadarai masu aiki suna rushe ikon kofa na Nan-lav TRPV (Vanilla mai karɓa na wucin gadi) ta hanyar ɗaure ga rukunin tashar a cikin gabobin masu karɓa waɗanda ke shimfiɗa tendons, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ji da motsi.Bugu da kari, cin abinci da sauran halaye na kwari da aka yi niyya na iya damuwa.Flunicarmide (IRAC rukuni 29) ana ɗaukarsa azaman mai sarrafa gabobin chondroitin tare da wuraren da ba a sani ba.Abun da ke aiki yana hana aikin sashin jiki na shakatawa na perichondrium wanda ke kula da jin daɗi (misali, ma'auni).Flonicamid (rukuni 29) ya bambanta da pymetrozine da pyrifluquinazon (rukuni 9) a cikin waccan fluonicamid baya ɗaure da hadaddun tashar Nan-lav TRPV.
Gabaɗaya, zaɓaɓɓun masu toshewar abinci (ko masu hanawa) rukuni ne na magungunan kashe qwari tare da tasiri mai yawa ko yanayin aiki na jiki, wanda zai iya hana kwari daga ciyarwa ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da neuromodulation na shan ruwan shuka na baka.Wadannan magungunan kashe kwari na iya canza dabi'a ta hanawa ko tarwatsa hanyoyin bincike a cikin ruwan jijiyoyi (phloem sieve) na shuka, wanda ke hana kwari samun abinci mai gina jiki.Wannan yana haifar da yunwa.
Zaɓuɓɓukan masu hana ciyarwa suna aiki a kan wasu masu cin naman phloem waɗanda ke da matsala a tsarin samar da greenhouse.Waɗannan sun haɗa da aphids da whiteflies.Zaɓaɓɓun masu hana ciyarwa suna aiki a matakan matasa da manya, kuma suna hana ciyarwa da sauri.Misali, ko da yake aphids na iya rayuwa na kwanaki biyu zuwa hudu, za su daina cin abinci a cikin 'yan sa'o'i.Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin ciyar da masu hanawa na iya hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta da aphids ke ɗauka.Wadannan magungunan kashe kwari ba sa aiki da kwari (Diptera), beetles (Coleoptera) ko caterpillars (Lepidoptera).Zaɓuɓɓukan masu hana ciyarwa suna da ayyukan tsari da ayyukan giciye (shiga jikin ganye da samar da tafki na sinadarai masu aiki a cikin ganyen), kuma suna iya ba da sauran ayyukan har zuwa makonni uku.Zaɓaɓɓen maganin kashe kwari suna da ƙarancin guba kai tsaye da kaikaice ga ƙudan zuma da maƙiyan halitta.
Yanayin aiwatar da zaɓin masu hana ciyar da abinci ba shi da sauƙi don haifar da juriya na kwari cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.Duk da haka, yin amfani da dogon lokaci na wannan yanayin aikin na iya rage tasirin zaɓin maganin kashe kwari.Alal misali, ana iya samun batutuwan da suka danganci giciye-juriya na maganin kwari na rukuni 9 da neonicotinoid (IRAC 4A kungiyar) kwari masu juriya (dangane da juriya na maganin kwari da ke ba da nau'in sinadarai iri ɗaya da / ko yanayin aiki).Tsarin juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi guda ɗaya na juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi) saboda enzymes kamar cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase na iya haɓaka waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari.Don haka, masu kera greenhouse suna buƙatar gudanar da ingantaccen tsari da amfani da magungunan kashe kwari tare da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban tsakanin zaɓaɓɓun masu hana ciyarwa a cikin shirin juyawa don guje wa duk wata matsala da ke da alaƙa da juriyar ƙwayoyi.
Raymond is a professor and extension expert in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection in the Entomology Department of Kansas State University. His research and promotion plans involve plant protection in greenhouses, nurseries, landscapes, greenhouses, vegetables and fruits. rcloyd@ksu.edu or 785-532-4750
Yayin da masu noman ke daɗa shagaltuwa a cikin bazara, kuma ɓarnar kuskure ta ƙanƙanta, yana da muhimmanci musamman ga masu noman su tabbatar da cewa kowane sashe na aikin noman ya kasance daidai.Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga masu shayarwa waɗanda ke amfani da yankan da ba su da tushe don haifuwa.
A cewar Dr. Ryan Dickson, kwararre a fannin haɓakawa a Jami'ar New Hampshire, matsalar gama gari game da ayyukan noman rani shine yanke wuce gona da iri.Ya ce hakan na nufin ba da yawa ga tsire-tsire tare da dasa su da wuri.
"Lokacin da kuka wuce gona da iri a farkon matakan samarwa, yana yiwuwa a fitar da kayan abinci na taki daga rufin," in ji Dickson."Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin tara ruwa a cikin ma'auni, wanda ke rage yawan iskar oxygen na tushen yanke kuma yana jinkirta tushen."
Ya ce: “Lokacin da kuka sami ciyawar da ba ta da tushe, shukar tana gab da mutuwa.Wannan shine aikinku.Kuna buƙatar mayar da shi zuwa lafiyar jiki kuma ku samar da rufi mai inganci wanda ke da mafi girma ga mai shuka na gaba.Mat.""A farkon matakan yaduwa, yana daidaita daidaito tsakanin hazo da yawa.Yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma, za ku ci gaba da yin gyare-gyare, don haka ana buƙatar mai girma mai mahimmanci kuma mai tsanani."
Dixon ya ce illar amfani da hazo kadan shi ne hadarin bushewa ya fi yawa, domin ko da bushewar kadan na iya jinkirta yin rooting.Matsalar rashi da rashi bazai zama mai gafartawa ba.Masu noma sukan yi amfani da hazo a matsayin inshora.
A cewar Dixon, idan shuka ya fita da yawa kuma babban leaching ya faru, pH a cikin matsakaicin girma kuma zai karu yayin haifuwa.
Abubuwan gina jiki a cikin matsakaici suna taimakawa wajen daidaita pH.Idan an tace waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki saboda yawan ban ruwa ko shayarwa, pH na iya tashi sama da matakin da ya dace.“Ya ce."Wannan ya kawo matsaloli guda biyu.Na farko shi ne, sinadiran da shuka ke sha a lokacin rooting suna da ƙasa sosai.Dalili na biyu shine yayin da darajar pH ta karu, narkewar wasu ma'adanai (irin su baƙin ƙarfe da manganese) za su ragu kuma ba za su iya sha ba.Idan ka ga cewa kayan abinci naka ba su isa ba kuma tsire-tsire suna rawaya, pH a cikin matsakaici yana da girma kuma abubuwan gina jiki sun yi ƙasa, to mataki na farko mai sauƙi shine ƙara taki kuma ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin matsakaici.Wannan zai samar da kayan abinci mai gina jiki ga koren ganye, kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage pH da haɓaka amfani da ƙarfe da manganese.”
Domin daidaita tsarin atomization, Dickson ya ba da shawarar ba da lokaci a cikin greenhouse don lura da tsire-tsire da atomization.Ya ce a bisa ka’ida, ya kamata masu noman su rika sarrafa tsiron bayan sun bushe amma kafin su bushe.Idan mai shuka yana hazo yayin da ganyen ke jike, ko kuma tsiron ya bushe, to akwai matsala.
Ya ce: "Kuna iya yaye shukar.""Kuma da zarar shuka ya sami tushen, bai kamata ya kasance mai hazo ba."
Dickson yana ba da shawarar saka idanu akan pH da abun ciki na gina jiki yayin shuka don tantance ko an tace abubuwan gina jiki da kuma tantance idan ana buƙatar hadi.Dickson kuma yana ba da shawarar bincika pH da abun ciki na EC akai-akai.Ya kuma ce duk wani sabon amfanin gona ko amfanin gona da zai fi saurin kamuwa da matsalar abinci mai gina jiki ya kamata a rika duba su akai-akai.Dixon ya ce tsire-tsire guda biyu da ke iya zama mafi haɗari sune petunia da babban furen fure.
Ya ce: "Waɗannan albarkatun gona ne masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke kula da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma babban pH."“Haka nan ana duba amfanin gona da ke da tsawon lokacin tushen, kamar ƙasusuwa da ciyayi masu ɗanɗano.Yawancin lokaci suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci a ƙarƙashin hazo.Don haka, akwai damar da za a iya fitar da sinadirai masu gina jiki daga matsakaicin kafin a yi rooting.”
Na koyar da ɗayan darussan noman amfanin gona na greenhouse a cikin kaka.A cikin wannan kwas ɗin, mun mai da hankali kan ciyawar tukunyar fure, yanke furanni da tsire-tsire masu ganye.A matsayin wani ɓangare na dakin gwaje-gwaje, mun dasa tsire-tsire masu tukwane da yawa, gami da poinsettia.A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, mun gudanar da aikin ta hanyar amfani da "jumlar sarrafa amfanin gona" - cikakkiyar dabarar da ta danganci haɗa bayanai da tattara bayanai tare da mahimman ƙima don samar da amfanin gona a cikin kwantena (Hoto na 1).Na farko, dole ne mu sanya ido akai-akai game da abubuwan muhalli na greenhouse, kamar haɗin hasken rana, matsakaicin zafin rana, da bambancin zafin rana da dare.Lokacin da shuka ke girma ko kuma akwai madaidaicin zane mai hoto, tsayin shuka;da halaye na substrate da ban ruwa ruwa, kamar pH da lantarki watsin (EC);da yawan kwari.Lokacin amfani da bayanai game da yanayin greenhouse, girma shuka, ƙasa, ruwa, da kwari, yanke shawara ya fi sauƙi.Ba dole ba ne ku yi tunanin abin da ke faruwa a cikin greenhouse ko akwati;a maimakon haka, kun sani kuma ku yanke shawarar yanke shawara.
A farkon semester, an samarwa ɗalibai maƙasudi don tsayin su na ƙarshe, yanayin greenhouse, ingancin ruwa, da iyakar gwajin juzu'i.Don poinsettia, manufa pH shine 5.8 zuwa 6.2, kuma EC shine 2.5 zuwa 4.5 mS/cm.Ana daukar Poinsettia a matsayin amfanin gona na "al'ada" (ba ma ƙananan ba, ba maɗaukaki ba) dangane da buƙatun pH, amma daga darajar EC mafi girma, ana iya ganin cewa an dauke shi a matsayin "mai ciyarwa mai nauyi".
Makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki poinsettia, mun gudanar da gwajin gwaji na farko da za a iya zubawa.Wannan shine sirrin.Wani almajiri ya dawo daga greenhouse kuma ya ɗan ruɗe.Poinsettia yana da pH tsakanin 4.8 da 4.9.Da farko, na ba da shawarar cewa pH mai hannu da mita EC ƙila ba za a daidaita su daidai ba.Haka suka fita, suka sake gyara mita, kuma sun sami sakamako makamancin haka.Sauran dalibai suna tacewa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma pH din su ma yayi kadan.Ina tsammanin maganin daidaitawa bazai yi kyau ba, don haka mun buɗe sabon kwalban bayani kuma muka sake gyarawa.Har ila yau, mun sami sakamako iri ɗaya.A sakamakon haka, mun gwada mita daban-daban na hannun hannu, sa'an nan kuma gwada matakan daidaitawa na nau'o'i daban-daban.Matsakaicin pH na substrate yana da ƙarancin ƙasa.
Menene dalilin rashin pH?Bayan haka, mun yi nazarin taki mai tsafta, ruwa mai tsafta, maganin hada-hadar taki da sirinji.PH da EC na maganin taki mai narkewa da muka yi amfani da su sun kasance kamar al'ada, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa babu matsala.Yin aiki a baya daga ƙarshen bututun, mun gwada ruwa mai tsabta na birni.Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙimar suna da alama suna cikin kewayo.Ba ma yin acidify da ruwan mu saboda ruwan birni da muke amfani da shi yana da alkalinity kusan 60 ppm-”toshe da wasa” ruwa.Na gaba, bari mu kalli maganin hannun jarin taki da allurar taki.Muna amfani da cakuda 21-5-20 don rage pH da 15-5-15 don tayar da pH don yin maganin taki wanda zai iya cika ruwa don sarrafa pH na substrate.Mun haɗu da sabon bayani na kaya, kuma yana da tabbacin cewa masu yin allura da gaske an daidaita su kuma an yi musu allura daidai.
Don haka, menene abin da ke sa pH ya sauke?Ba zan iya tunanin wani abu a cikin makamanmu da zai haifar da matsala ba.Matsalolinmu dole ne wasu dalilai suka haifar da su!Na yanke shawara akan abu daya bamu auna ba: alkalinity.Saboda haka, na fitar da kayan gwajin alkalinity kuma na gwada tsararren ruwa na birni.Duba, alkalinity ba shine 60s na yau da kullun ba.Akasin haka, yana da kusan 75% ƙasa fiye da yadda aka saba a tsakanin matasa.Manajan gidan mu ya kira birnin don tambaya game da ƙarancin alkalinity.Kwanan nan birnin ya canza tsarinsa, kuma yana da tabbacin cewa sun rage yawan adadin alkalinity da ke ƙasa da ma'auni na baya.
A ƙarshe mun san cewa mai laifi shine: ƙarancin alkalinity a cikin ruwan ban ruwa.21-5-20 na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri na acid ruwa tare da sabon ƙaramin alkalinity na birni ruwa.Mun ɗauki wasu matakai don daidaita pH na substrate.Da farko, don haɓaka pH na substrate da sauri, mun aiwatar da aikace-aikacen farar ƙasa mai gudana.Don kula da pH na dogon lokaci, mun kuma canza taki zuwa 100% na 15-5-15 don cin gajiyar tasirin karuwar pH, kuma mun tsallake acidic 21-5-20 gaba daya.
Me yasa magana game da poinsettia lokacin da ya shiga cikakkiyar samarwa a cikin bazara?Halin halin wannan labarin ba shi da alaƙa da poinsettia.Maimakon haka, yana jaddada ƙimar sa ido da gwaji akai-akai.Kalmomin Lord Kelvin, masanin ilmin lissafin lissafi kuma injiniya, an taƙaita su azaman taƙaitaccen ƙima a cikin sa ido na yau da kullun: “Aunawa shine sani.”Bayan shuka, ba tare da wani ta hanyar gwaji ba, matsalar na iya zama ba a gano ta na dogon lokaci ba.Lokacin da muka gano cewa pH na ƙasa ya yi ƙasa, harbe har yanzu suna da kyau kuma babu alamun gani.Duk da haka, idan ba mu yi wani watering ba, to, alamar farko ta matsala na iya zama alamun guba na micronutrients akan ganye.Idan an ga alamun matsalar, to an yi lahani.Har ila yau, wannan labarin yana nuna ƙimar hanyoyin warware matsalolin tsari (Hoto na 2).Lokacin da muka fara magance matsalar, birnin da ya canza tsarin aikin ruwa ba ya cikin tunaninmu.Duk da haka, bayan da muka yi nazari sosai kan abubuwan cikin gida da za mu iya sarrafawa, mun yi imanin cewa dole ne wannan ya zama wani abu na waje wanda ba za mu iya sarrafa shi ba, kuma ya fadada iyakar bincikenmu.
Christopher is an assistant professor of horticulture in the Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University. ccurrey@iastate.edu
Dangantaka tsakanin mutane suna lalacewa, kuma wani lokaci suna ɓacewa a hankali.Wani lokaci rabuwar takan yi ban mamaki, wani lokacin ta kan kasance da dabara kuma ana iya gani.Yawancin lokaci, wannan shine mafi kyau.Ko ta yaya ko me yasa wani ya bar ku, ko kuka bar su, wannan shine yadda kuke tafiyar da lamarin, wanda ke haifar da ra'ayi mai dorewa da tunawa da ku da kamfanin ku.Babu wani abu da ke sa manajoji jin daɗi kamar tambayar ma'aikata su yi murabus ko a kore su.Yawancin lokaci, ƙwallon yana zama mai rudani lokacin da ya zama dole don isar da cikakkun bayanai na barin ga sauran membobin ƙungiyar.
Barin ba abu ne mara kyau ba.Yawancin lokaci yana da kyau lokacin da ma'aikaci ya zaɓi barin ko gudanarwa ya bar shi.Ma'aikata masu fita na iya neman mafi kyawun damar da ba za su iya kaiwa tare da ku ba, ko kuma kuna iya inganta yanayin aiki da riba ta hanyar kawar da mutanen da ba su dace da kamfanin ku ba.Duk da haka, murabus ɗin yana da alama yana sa kowa ya ji daɗi kuma yana nuna rashin tsaro mai mahimmanci, musamman ga manajoji.
Hali na gama-gari-halayen yawancin manajojinmu suna da laifi a wani lokaci a cikin ayyukanmu-default zuwa mummunan maganganu game da barin ko barin.Lokacin da kake da kalmar baki game da barin ko tsoffin ma'aikata, wane bayani za ku aika wa ma'aikatan ku na yanzu game da ku da kamfanin?Lokacin da wani ya bar ku, yana da sauƙi a mai da hankali kan kuskuren halayensu, kuma akasin haka.Amma a yanayin aiki, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda har yanzu suna tuntuɓar ku da fatan za ku ga yadda kuke aiki a wannan lokacin, musamman idan ma'aikatan da suka tashi aiki tuƙuru don haɓaka nasarar kamfanin.Halinku zai zama hasashen abin da za su yi idan sun zaɓi yin murabus.Mafi mahimmanci, sanar da su ko kuna daraja ƙoƙarin ma'aikata na yanzu.
Aikin ku shine karfafa kwarin gwiwa ga ma'aikatan ku a wadannan lokutan;Kar ka sanya su cikin tashin hankali.Wataƙila ba ku da aikin yi ko kuma a kore ku a wani lokaci a cikin aikinku.Wataƙila kai da kanka ka ɗanɗana jin rashin daraja ta hanyar gudanarwa yayin ko bayan ka tafi.Dangane da haɗin kai, masana'antar kore ba ta da daɗi idan kuna so.Mai yiyuwa ne a mayar da irin wannan cin mutuncin ga kai ko ma'aikacin da ya rasu ta hanyar tsegumi na masana'antu.Irin wannan jita-jita tana barin bakin kowa da kyau, kuma ba abu ne mai kyau ba ga kyakkyawar al'adun hulda da jama'a na kamfanoni.
Me ya kamata ku yi a wannan yanayin?Da farko, ku tuna cewa ji na kai game da mamaci baya taka rawa a dabarun sadarwar ku.Kula da gaskiya.Yarjejeniyar da za ku tattauna don fita ya bambanta dangane da yadda mutum zai fita.Hakanan, don Allah a yi shi da sauri.Jiran sanarwar murabus ɗin ma'aikaci yakan haifar da tsegumi don kammala aikin a gare ku.Sarrafa tattaunawar.
Idan ma'aikata sun yi murabus da son rai saboda dalilansu, da fatan za a sanar da su a taron rukuni ko taron ma'aikata.Tambaye su su aika imel ko memos tare da wasu ma'aikatan da ba za su iya halartar taron ba.Wannan shine shawararsu, ba naku ba, kuma suna da 'yancin fita a kowane lokaci.Ga duk wanda ke yi maka aiki, yana da kyau a sake fayyace wannan a hankali.Haka kuma, ya wajabta wa ma’aikata da su yi bayanin dalilin da ya sa suka tafi kai tsaye tare da amsa tambayoyi don kada ku rufa wa bakunansu asiri ko yin kalaman karya lokacin da za ku tafi.Bayan sanarwar su, aikinku shine ku gode musu saboda ayyukansu da gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga ƙungiya da kamfani.Ina yi musu fatan alheri tare da ci gaba da kasancewa tare da su kafin su ci gaba.
Lokacin da suka sanar, ya kamata ku kuma bayyana shirin ga sauran ma'aikata, tare da bayyana yadda kuke son maye gurbin ma'aikaci ko yadda za ku gudanar da ayyukansu, har sai kun yi haka.Bayan sun tafi, kada ku fita daga hanyar nuna gazawarsu, rage gudumawar aikinsu ko jure wa wasu munanan kalamai a kansu.Hakan zai sa ka yi kama da maras muhimmanci, sannan kuma za ta dasa tsaban shakku a zukatan sauran ma'aikata.
Idan dole ne a kori wani saboda rashin aiki ko cin zarafi, to ya kamata ku zama mutumin da ya ba da sanarwar ga ma'aikaci.A wannan yanayin, da fatan za a aika rubutaccen memo ko imel zuwa ga ma'aikaci don rage wasan kwaikwayo.Dangane da lokaci, yakamata ku sanar da duk wani ma'aikaci wanda murabus ɗin zai shafa kai tsaye.Ana iya sanar da sauran ma'aikatan a ranar aiki mai zuwa.Lokacin da kuka bar wani ya tafi, kula da yaren da aka buga sanarwar.Kawai ya bayyana cewa ma'aikata ba sa aiki a cikin kamfani kuma suna yi musu fatan alheri.
Zai fi kyau kada ku yi cikakken bayani lokacin da kuka ƙyale mutum ya tafi, kodayake wani matakin bayyana gaskiya na iya rage tsoro.A cikin sanarwar, ya kamata ku ƙarfafa sauran ma'aikata su yi tambayoyi kai tsaye da damuwa game da murabus zuwa gare ku.A wannan lokacin, zaku iya ƙayyade cikakken bayani game da mutum.Idan an ƙyale ma'aikaci ya keta ƙayyadaddun manufofin, zai fi kyau a duba shi kai tsaye tare da manajoji da masu kula da su don fahimtar mahimmancin ilimin manufofin, aiwatarwa, da takaddun shaida.
Canji yana da wuya, har ma ya fi wuya ga wasu mutane.A mafi yawan lokuta, canji yana da kyau.Rungumar sauye-sauyen ma'aikata a cikin kamfani tare da ƙwararru da ɗabi'a mai kyau, kuma za ku kasance kan hanya madaidaiciya don gina al'adar amana.
Leslie (CPH) ta mallaki Halleck Horticultural, LLC, ta hanyar da ta ke ba da shawarwarin kayan lambu, kasuwanci da dabarun talla, haɓaka samfuri da alamar alama da ƙirƙirar abun ciki ga kamfanonin masana'antar kore.lesliehalleck.com
Regina Coronado, babban mai noman nono na Bell Nursery, ta yi galaba a kan wani mawuyacin hali kuma ta zama shugabar kasuwar lambu ta Amurka.
Daga kofi da waken soya zuwa ga ganye da kayan yaji, daga kayan ado zuwa kayan lambu, zuwa kayan ado, Regina Coronado ya girma kusan duka.Ta ƙaura daga gidanta a Guatemala zuwa Florida, Texas, Georgia, Washington da yanzu North Carolina, kuma ta yi shi a duk faɗin ƙasar.Tun 2015, ta tsunduma a cikin namo na Bell Nursery a nan.
Yayin da Coronado ta shiga cikin manyan masana'antar greenhouse ta Amurka, dole ne ta shawo kan kalubale da yawa kuma ta nemi dama inda wasu kawai suka ga cikas.
“Na farko dai, ni ɗan gudun hijira ne.Idan kai daga wata ƙasa ne, dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa kai kwararre ne.”Coronado ta ce ta samu takardar biza, sannan ta zama ‘yar kasar Amurka a shekara ta 2008. Abu na biyu shi ne cewa wannan sana’a ce da maza suka mamaye, don haka dole ne ka dan yi tsayin daka don tsira.”
Ta hanyar dagewarta, sadaukarwa da ruhin ingantawa, Coronado ta shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin kuma ta haifar da aiki mai nasara a masana'antar greenhouse.
Haɗa ƙaunarta na waje tare da ƙaunar kimiyya, Coronado ta sami digiri a aikin gona a Guatemala.Sa’ad da ta fahimci cewa tana cikin ‘yan tsiraru—har ma a ƙasarta, tana aiki a matsayin ma’aikaciyar dakin gwaje-gwajen ƙasa ga masu noman kofi.
“Lokacin da maigidan ya tafi, na nemi mukaminsa, kuma da na je sashin kula da ma’aikata, sai suka ce min na cika dukkan bukatun, amma [sun hana ni zama shugaban dakin gwaje-gwajen kasa saboda [ saboda] Ni ma matashi ne, ni mace ce," in ji Coronado.
Bayan 'yan watanni, ta sami dama a Amurka.Wani mutum a Guatemala ya sayi ƙaramin gidan reno a Florida, kuma ya ɗauki hayar masanin aikin gona ya yi watanni uku a wurin don ya koyi sana’ar greenhouse don taimaka masa ya sake gina greenhouse a Guatemala.Bayan Coronado ya isa Amurka, watanni uku ya zama shekaru 26, kuma har yanzu yana karuwa.
Lokacin da take aiki a wannan wurin gandun daji, sau da yawa tana shiga daga Speedling."Na ga wannan greenhouse a karon farko, kuma na yi tunani, 'Wow, Ina fata zan iya yin aiki a nan!'" Coronado ya ce, wanda ya ƙare aiki a Speedling na shekaru 7 a matsayin babban mai shuka kayan lambu a Texas , Sa'an nan kuma a Jojiya .
A can, ta sadu da Louis Stacy, wanda ya kafa Stacy Greenhouse.Wata rana, lokacin da ya ziyarci Speedling, ya bar katin kasuwancinsa a Coronado kuma ya gaya mata idan yana bukatar ya kira ta a wurin aiki.Ta fara aiki da shi a South Carolina a cikin 2002, inda ta koyi duk game da perennials.
"A gare ni, shi babban jagora ne," in ji Coronado game da Stacey.Stacey ta rasu a watan Janairu, tana da shekaru 81 a duniya kwanaki kadan kafin hirar.“Na yi kewar duk abin da ya koya mani tsawon shekaru, kamar jajircewarsa na yin fice.Da gaske ya sanya kalmar "inganci" a cikin raina saboda a tunaninsa, hanyar da za mu iya yin gasa ita ce Gasar shuke-shuke masu inganci.
Lokacin da Stacy ta yi ritaya, Coronado ta nemi dama a yammacin jihar Washington don yin aikin lambu a Arewa maso Yamma, sannan ta koma gabas don shiga Bell Nursery.
A matsayinsa na babban mai shuka Bell Nursery, Coronado ne ke da alhakin samar da perennials.Ya ƙunshi yanki mai girman eka 100 kuma an rarraba shi a wurare guda biyu: ɗayan ya ƙware wajen noman furanni masu launuka kamar lilies, iris, dianthus da phlox, ɗayan kuma ya ƙware a dasa.Cover shuka da Jade masauki.
Ta ce: "Ina son duk abin da na girma.""A gare ni, girma sha'awa ce, kuma na yi sa'a da za a biya ni don sha'awata."
Coronado yana kula da ƙungiyar ban ruwa, ƙungiyar aikace-aikacen sinadarai, da ƙungiyar kula da shuka a kowane wuri (kimanin mil 40 baya).Tana aiki bi da bi a kowace masana'anta na 'yan kwanaki, tana mai da hankali kan bincike da kula da inganci.
Coronado ya ce: "Ina yin abubuwa da yawa da kaina, ina yin iko da yawa akan tukwane, datsewa, ciyayi da tazarar layi, saboda burin Bell shi ne aika shuke-shuke masu inganci zuwa shagon."“Na shafe lokaci mai yawa don gwada ruwa da ƙasa., Kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da sababbin iri da sababbin sinadarai.A takaice dai, ba ni da lokacin da za a gundura.”
"Ga mutane da ni kaina, wannan ba horo ba ne mai ƙarewa," in ji Coronado.“A koyaushe ina ƙoƙari na ci gaba da kasancewa da zamani, domin a gare ni, girma kamar likita ne.Idan kun fadi a baya, ba shi da kyau a gare ni ko kamfanin saboda muna son inganta aiki. "
Coronado ya himmatu wajen inganta kansa da kuma mutanen da ke kewaye da shi.Wannan wata hanya ce ta mayar da ita ga masana'antar.Yayin da sana'arta ke haɓaka, masana'antar ta sami kyakkyawar maraba da taimakonta.
"Na yi matukar farin ciki da samun damar zuwa Amurka," in ji Coronado, wanda ke komawa Guatemala kowace shekara.“Lokacin da na zo Amirka, rayuwata ta yi wuya sosai, amma kasancewa a nan ya kasance albarkata koyaushe.Na yi imani cewa idan akwai dama, Ina bukatan gwada ta.Wani lokaci dama sau daya ce kawai, idan ban yi amfani da damar ba, za ta rasa damar.”


Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-27-2021