Hiki i nā lāʻau pesticides ke kōkua i ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻonui i ka hana ʻai, e hōʻemi i nā poho kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu, a me ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā pepeke, akā no ka mea hiki i kēia mau kemika ke komo i ka meaʻai kanaka, e hōʻoia ana he mea nui ko lākou palekana.No ka pesticide maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo glyphosate, hopohopo nā kānaka i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka palekana o kekahi o kāna mau huahana i kapa ʻia ʻo AMPA.Ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea noiʻi ma ka National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) i nā mea kuhikuhi e holomua i ke ana pololei o ka glyphosate a me ka AMPA i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā meaʻai oat.googletag.cmd.push(hana(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′);});
Hoʻonohonoho ka Environment Protection Agency (EPA) i nā ʻae ʻana no nā pae pesticide i nā meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia he palekana ke ʻai.Hoʻāʻo nā mea hana meaʻai i kā lākou huahana e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i nā lula EPA.Eia nō naʻe, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pololei o kā lākou ana, pono lākou e hoʻohana i kahi mea kuhikuhi (RM) me kahi ʻike glyphosate e hoʻohālikelike ai me kā lākou huahana.
I loko o ka oatmeal a i ʻole nā ​​huahana oatmeal e hoʻohana ana i ka nui o nā pesticides, ʻaʻohe mea kuhikuhi e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka glyphosate (ka mea hana i loko o ka huahana kalepa Roundup).Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka RM ma muli o ka meaʻai e ana i nā pesticides ʻē aʻe.No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi glyphosate a hoʻokō i nā pono koke o nā mea hana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea noiʻi NIST i kahi ala hoʻāʻo e kālailai i ka glyphosate i loko o 13 mau meaʻai oat-based i loaʻa i ke kūʻai aku e ʻike ai i nā mea kuhikuhi moho.Ua ʻike lākou i ka glyphosate ma nā laʻana a pau, a loaʻa ka AMPA (pōkole no ka amino methyl phosphonic acid) i ʻekolu o lākou.
No nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻo ka glyphosate kekahi o nā pesticides koʻikoʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka honua.Wahi a kahi noiʻi 2016, ma 2014 wale nō, 125,384 metric tons o glyphosate i hoʻohana ʻia ma United States.He herbicide, he insecticide, hoʻohana ʻia no ka luku ʻana i ka mauʻu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu ʻino e hōʻino i nā mea kanu.
I kekahi manawa, liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā koena pesticide i ka meaʻai.E pili ana i ka glyphosate, hiki ke wāwahi ʻia i loko o ka AMPA, a hiki ke noho ma nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu a me nā kīʻaha.ʻAʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka AMPA i ke olakino kanaka a ʻo ia nō kahi wahi o ka noiʻi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Glyphosate i nā kīʻaha a me nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe, e like me ka bale a me ka palaoa, akā ʻo ka oats kahi hihia kūikawā.
Ua ʻōlelo ka mea noiʻi NIST ʻo Jacolin Murray: "He ʻokoʻa ka oats e like me ka palaoa.""Ua koho mākou i ka oats i mea mua no ka mea hoʻohana nā mea meaʻai i ka glyphosate ma ke ʻano he desiccant e hoʻomaloʻo i nā mea kanu ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana.Loaʻa pinepine ka oats i ka glyphosate.Phosphine.Hiki i ka maloʻo ʻana ke hōʻiliʻili ma mua a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka like ʻana o nā mea kanu.Wahi a ka mea kākau hoa ʻo Justine Cruz (Justine Cruz), ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glyphosate, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka glyphosate i nā pae ma mua o nā pesticides ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā laʻana oatmeal he 13 i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he ʻoatmeal, liʻiliʻi a i hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia i ka ʻaina kakahiaka oatmeal, a me ka palaoa oat mai nā ʻano mahiʻai maʻamau a me nā mea kanu.
Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi ala maikaʻi o ka unuhi ʻana i ka glyphosate mai nā meaʻai paʻa, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻenehana maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo ka chromatography wai a me ka spectrometry nuipa, e nānā i ka glyphosate a me ka AMPA i nā laʻana.Ma ke ʻano mua, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi laʻana paʻa i loko o kahi hui wai a laila lawe ʻia ka glyphosate mai ka meaʻai.A laila, i loko o ka wai chromatography, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka glyphosate a me ka AMPA i ka hāpana extract mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka hāpana.ʻO ka mea hope loa, e ana ka spectrometer nui i ka ratio mass-to-charge o nā ion e ʻike ai i nā pūhui like ʻole i ka hāpana.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kā lākou hopena i nā laʻana o ka palaoa ʻaina kakahiaka (26 ng per gram) a me nā laʻana o ka palaoa oat (11 ng per gram) i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka glyphosate.Ua ʻike ʻia ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka glyphosate (1,100 ng per gram) i kahi laʻana o ka oatmeal maʻamau.ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka ʻike AMPA i ka oatmeal a me ka oatmeal maʻamau a me ka oat-based ma mua o ka ʻike glyphosate.
ʻO nā mea i loko o nā glyphosate a me AMPA i loko o ka oatmeal a me nā cereals-based oat aia ma lalo o ka EPA hoʻomanawanui o 30 μg/g.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Murray: "ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka glyphosate a mākou i ana he 30 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka palena hoʻoponopono."
Ma muli o nā hopena o kēia noiʻi a me nā kūkākūkā mua me nā mea i makemake i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka RM no ka oatmeal a me ka oat grains, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o RM (50 ng per gram) a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o RM hiki ke pōmaikaʻi.Hoʻokahi (500 nanograms no ka gram).Pono kēia mau RM no nā laboratories mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai a me nā mea hana meaʻai e pono e hoʻāʻo i nā koena pesticide i kā lākou mau mea maka a pono i kahi kūlana kūpono e hoʻohālikelike me lākou.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka RM o NIST ma ʻAmelika wale nō, akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.No laila, he mea nui i ka poʻe noiʻi e noʻonoʻo i nā palena hoʻoponopono haole.No ka laʻana, ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka palena he 20 micrograms no ka gram.
Ua ʻōlelo ka mea noiʻi ʻo NIST ʻo Katrice Lippa: "Pono kā mākou mea noiʻi e kaulike i nā pono o nā laboratories hoʻāʻo meaʻai ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena o ka honua."
Ua hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻomaopopo i ʻekolu mau moho RM no ka glyphosate a me ʻelua mau moho no AMPA i loko o nā hua oat-based.Ua hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā haʻawina paʻa mua, a ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka paʻa ʻana o ka glyphosate i ka oats ma kahi mahana mau o 40 degere Celsius no ʻeono mahina, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā RM e hiki mai ana, e pili ana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha. o keia mau huahana.
A laila, hoʻolālā nā mea noiʻi e loiloi i ka hiki o RM ma o nā haʻawina inter-laboratory, a laila e hana i nā haʻawina kūpaʻa lōʻihi ma ka glyphosate a me ka AMPA i kā lākou mau mea.E hoʻomau ka hui NIST e hana pū me nā mea kuleana e hōʻoia i hiki iā RM ke hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pono.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo e nānā pono kā mākou limahana hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia manaʻo i hoʻouna ʻia a hana i nā hana kūpono.He mea nui kou manaʻo iā mākou.
Hoʻohana wale ʻia kāu leka uila e hōʻike i ka mea nāna i hoʻouna i ka leka uila.ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kāu helu wahi a i ʻole ka helu o ka mea i loaʻa no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe.E ʻike ʻia ka ʻike āu e hoʻokomo ai ma kāu leka uila, akā ʻaʻole mālama ʻo Phys.org iā lākou ma kekahi ʻano.
E hoʻouna i nā mea hou i kēlā me kēia pule a/a i kēlā me kēia lā i kāu pahu pahu.Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i ka inoa i kēlā me kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole mākou e kaʻana like i kāu mau kikoʻī me nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
Ke hoʻohana nei kēia pūnaewele i nā kuki e kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana, e nānā i kāu hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou lawelawe a hāʻawi i nā ʻike mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou pūnaewele, hōʻoia ʻoe ua heluhelu a hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i kā mākou kulekele pilikino a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohana.