Mankhwala ophera tizilombo angathandize alimi kuchulukitsa kupanga chakudya, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mbewu zambiri, ngakhalenso kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo, koma popeza kuti mankhwalaŵa amathanso kulowa m’zakudya za anthu, kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chawo n’chofunika kwambiri.Kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri otchedwa glyphosate, anthu ali ndi nkhawa kuti chakudyacho chili chotetezeka komanso chitetezo cha imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatchedwa AMPA.Ofufuza a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) akupanga zida zowunikira kuti apititse patsogolo kuyeza kolondola kwa glyphosate ndi AMPA zomwe zimapezeka pafupipafupi muzakudya za oat.googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2′);});
Bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limakhazikitsa kulekerera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo muzakudya zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizotetezeka kudya.Opanga zakudya amayesa malonda awo kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira malamulo a EPA.Komabe, kuti awonetsetse kuti miyeso yawo ndi yolondola, akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu cholozera (RM) chokhala ndi glyphosate yodziwika bwino kuti afananize ndi zinthu zawo.
Muzinthu zopangidwa ndi oatmeal kapena oatmeal zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo, palibe zolembera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza glyphosate (chinthu chogwira ntchito mu malonda a Roundup).Komabe, RM yochepa yochokera ku chakudya ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.Kuti apange glyphosate ndikukwaniritsa zomwe opanga amapanga, ofufuza a NIST adakonza njira yoyesera kuti asanthule glyphosate m'zakudya 13 za oat zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda kuti adziwe zomwe anthu akufuna.Adapeza glyphosate m'miyeso yonse, ndipo AMPA (yachidule ya amino methyl phosphonic acid) idapezeka mwa atatu mwa iwo.
Kwa zaka zambiri, glyphosate yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ku United States komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2016, mu 2014 yokha, matani 125,384 a glyphosate adagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States.Ndi herbicide, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga udzu kapena zomera zovulaza zomwe zimawononga mbewu.
Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa zotsalira za mankhwala m'zakudya zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.Ponena za glyphosate, imathanso kugawidwa kukhala AMPA, komanso imatha kukhalabe pazipatso, masamba ndi mbewu.Zotsatira zomwe AMPA zimatha paumoyo wa anthu sizikumveka bwino ndipo akadali gawo lochita kafukufuku.Glyphosate imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mumbewu ndi mbewu zina, monga balere ndi tirigu, koma oats ndizochitika zapadera.
Wofufuza wa NIST, a Jacolin Murray, anati: “Oats ndi apadera kwambiri ngati mbewu.”"Tinasankha oats ngati zinthu zoyamba chifukwa opanga zakudya amagwiritsa ntchito glyphosate ngati desiccant kuuma mbewu asanakolole.Oats nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi glyphosate yambiri.Phosphine."Kuyanika mbewu kungapangitse kukolola msanga komanso kupangitsa kuti mbeu zizifanana.Malinga ndi wolemba mnzake Justine Cruz (Justine Cruz), chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito za glyphosate, glyphosate nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuti ndi yapamwamba kuposa mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.
Zitsanzo 13 za oatmeal mu kafukufukuyu zinaphatikizapo oatmeal, oatmeal waung'ono mpaka wokonzedwa kwambiri, ufa wa oat kuchokera ku njira zaulimi wamba komanso wachilengedwe.
Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino yochotsera glyphosate muzakudya zolimba, kuphatikiza ndi njira zomwe zimatchedwa liquid chromatography ndi mass spectrometry, kusanthula glyphosate ndi AMPA mu zitsanzo.Mu njira yoyamba, chitsanzo cholimba chimasungunuka mumadzi osakaniza ndipo glyphosate amachotsedwa ku chakudya.Kenaka, mu chromatography yamadzimadzi, glyphosate ndi AMPA mu chitsanzo chotsitsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zigawo zina mu chitsanzo.Pomaliza, misa spectrometer imayesa kuchuluka kwa misa-to-charge ya ma ayoni kuti azindikire mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitsanzo.
Zotsatira zawo zidawonetsa kuti zitsanzo za chimanga cham'mawa (26 ng pa gramu) ndi zitsanzo za ufa wa oat (11 ng pa gramu) zinali zotsika kwambiri za glyphosate.Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa glyphosate (1,100 ng pa gramu) unapezeka mu chitsanzo cha oatmeal wamba nthawi yomweyo.Zomwe zili mu AMPA mu organic ndi oatmeal wamba ndi oat-based zitsanzo ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa glyphosate.
Zomwe zili mu glyphosate zonse ndi AMPA mu oatmeal ndi oat-based cereals ndizotsika kwambiri kulekerera kwa EPA kwa 30 μg/g.Murray adati: "Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa glyphosate womwe tidayezera udali wochepera 30 kuposa malire omwe amawongolera."
Malingana ndi zotsatira za phunziroli komanso kukambirana koyambirira ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito RM kwa oatmeal ndi oat mbewu, ofufuzawo adapeza kuti kupanga RM (50 ng pa gramu) ndi kuchuluka kwa RM kungakhale kopindulitsa.Mmodzi (500 nanograms pa gramu).Ma RM awa ndi opindulitsa kwa malo oyesa zaulimi ndi zakudya komanso opanga zakudya omwe amafunikira kuyesa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo muzopangira zawo ndipo amafunikira muyezo wolondola kuti afananize nawo.
NIST's RM imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ku United States kokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti ochita kafukufuku aganizire zoletsa zakunja.Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya, malire ndi 20 micrograms pa gramu.
Wofufuza wa NIST Katrice Lippa adati: "Ofufuza athu akuyenera kulinganiza zosowa zama laboratories oyesa zakudya ku United States ndi madera ena kuti zida zowunikira zithandizire padziko lonse lapansi."
Ofufuza adatha kuzindikira atatu omwe angakhale oyenerera RM pa glyphosate ndi awiri omwe akufunafuna AMPA mumbewu za oat.Adathanso kuchita maphunziro okhazikika okhazikika, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti glyphosate imakhala yokhazikika mu oats pa kutentha kosalekeza kwa madigiri 40 Celsius kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa ma RM amtsogolo, omwe atha kutengera chimodzi kapena zingapo. za mankhwala awa.
Kenako, ofufuzawo akukonzekera kuyesa kuthekera kwa RM kudzera mu maphunziro a labotale, kenako kuchititsa maphunziro okhazikika a nthawi yayitali pa glyphosate ndi AMPA muzinthu zawo.Gulu la NIST lidzapitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti RM ikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo.
Mungakhale otsimikiza kuti ogwira ntchito mkonzi adzayang'anitsitsa ndemanga zonse zomwe zatumizidwa ndipo adzachitapo kanthu.Malingaliro anu ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa ife.
Adilesi yanu ya imelo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwitsa wolandirayo amene watumiza imeloyo.Adilesi yanu kapena adilesi ya wolandila sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zina zilizonse.Zomwe mumalowetsa ziziwoneka mu imelo yanu, koma Phys.org sidzawasunga mwanjira iliyonse.
Tumizani zosintha za sabata ndi/kapena zatsiku ndi tsiku kubokosi lanu.Mutha kusiya kulembetsa nthawi iliyonse, ndipo sitidzagawana zambiri ndi anthu ena.
Webusaitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito makeke kukuthandizani kuyenda, kusanthula momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito ntchito zathu komanso kupereka zinthu kuchokera kwa anthu ena.Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lathu la webusayiti, mumatsimikizira kuti mwawerenga ndikumvetsetsa mfundo zathu zachinsinsi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.