Ukuqapha ngokucophelela izingibe nokusebenzisa imithi ngesikhathi esifanele kuphakathi kwezihluthulelo zokuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu ezinambuzaneni zesihlahla somnqumo, kusho ochwepheshe.
I-Tuscan Regional Phytosanitary Service ikhiphe imihlahlandlela yezobuchwepheshe yokuqapha nokulawula inani lempukane yezithelo zomnqumo ngabatshali nochwepheshe abasebenza emapulazini aphilayo nahlanganisiwe.
Lesi sinambuzane esine-dipterous sitholakala e-Mediterranean basin, eNingizimu Afrika, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, e-China, e-Australia nase-US, njengoba sithathwa njengesinye sezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zesihlahla somnqumo ngenxa yomonakalo eziwudalayo kukho kokubili ubuningi nekhwalithi yesithelo.
Iziqondiso, ezinikezwe ochwepheshe ezigxile esimweni saseTuscany zingashintshwa abalimi ngokulandela umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwempukane, okungahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu zendawo ekhulayo yomnqumo.
"Emazweni aseYurophu, inselele evela ekuvinjweni kwe-Dimethoate idinga indlela entsha yokulawula impukane yomnqumo," kusho uMassimo Ricciolini we-Tuscan Regional Phytosanitary Service."Kodwa-ke, uma sicabangela isidingo esisabalele sokusimama, sikholelwa ukuthi ukwethembeka hhayi nje kuphela kwe-phytiatric kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwe-toxicological kanye nemvelo kufanele kube yisisekelo sanoma yiliphi isu eliphumelelayo lokulwa nalesi zinambuzane."
Ukuhoxiswa kwemakethe kwe-systemic organophosphate insecticide Dimethoate, eyayisetshenziswa ngokumelene nezibungu zempukane, kuholele ekutheni ochwepheshe bacabangele isigaba sabantu abadala sesinambuzane njengomgomo oyinhloko wokulwa.
"Ukuvimbela kufanele kube ukugxila okuyinhloko kwendlela ephumelelayo neqhubekayo," kusho uRicciolini."Ayikho enye indlela ekulimeni okuphilayo ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke ngenkathi sisalinde imiphumela yocwaningo mayelana nokwelashwa okusha okusebenzayo (okungukuthi ngokumelene namaqanda nezibungu), kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amasu okubulala noma ukuxosha abantu abadala."
"Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi esifundeni sethu impukane iqeda isizukulwane sayo sokuqala sonyaka entwasahlobo," wanezela.”Isinambuzane sisebenzisa iminqumo esala ezitshalweni, ngenxa yokungavunwa okungaphelele noma izizinda zomnqumo ezilahliwe, njengendawo yokuzala kanye nomthombo wokudla.Ngakho, phakathi nokuphela kukaJune nasekuqaleni kukaJulayi, ngokuvamile, indiza yesibili yonyaka, enkulu kuneyokuqala, iba khona.”
Ezinsikazi zifaka amaqanda azo eminqumeni yonyaka wamanje, asevele amukele futhi ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuguqulwa kwamatshe.
"Kulawa maqanda, isizukulwane sesibili sonyaka, okungowokuqala kwehlobo, siyavela," kusho uRicciolini."Izithelo eziluhlaza, ezikhulayo zibe sezilinyazwa umsebenzi wezibungu ezithi, zidlula ezigabeni ezintathu, zikhule ngezindleko ze-pulp, zimba umhubhe ku-mesocarp ekuqaleni ongaphandle futhi onjengentambo, bese ujulile futhi ingxenye enkulu, futhi, ekugcineni, ivela engxenyeni eyi-elliptical.”
"Ngokwesizini, izibungu ezivuthiwe ziwela phansi ukuze zikhiphe noma, lapho isigaba se-pupal sesiqediwe, abantu abadala bavale [baphuma ecaleni le-pupal]," wanezela.
Ngezinyanga ezifudumele, izikhathi zamazinga okushisa aphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-30 kuya ku-33 °C - 86 kuya ku-91.4 °F) kanye namazinga aphansi omswakama ohlobene (ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-60) angabangela ukufa kwezingxenye ezinkulu zamaqanda kanye nezibungu ezincane, ngenxa yalokho. ukuncishiswa kokulimala okungenzeka.
Izimpukane zivame ukwanda kakhulu ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba, okubangela ingozi yokulimala okuqhubekayo kuze kube sekuvuneni, ngenxa yokuwa kwezithelo kanye nezinqubo ze-oxidative ezithinta iminqumo emigodini.Ukuze uvimbele i-oviposition kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu, abalimi kufanele bafeze isivuno sokuqala , esisebenza kahle ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuhlaselwa okuphezulu.
"E-Tuscany, ngakho konke okuhlukile, ingozi yokuhlaselwa ivame ukuba nkulu ngasogwini, futhi ijwayele ukwehla ibheke ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe, amagquma aphakeme, nama-Apennines," kusho uRicciolini."Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, ulwazi olwandisiwe mayelana nebhayoloji yezimpukane ze-olive kanye nokwakhiwa kwesizindalwazi esibanzi se-agrometeorological kanye nezibalo zabantu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuchaza imodeli yesibikezelo sengozi yokutheleleka okusekelwe esimweni sezulu."
"Kubonise ukuthi, endaweni yethu, amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika asebenza njengento evimbela lesi sinambuzane nokuthi izinga lokusinda kwabantu baso ebusika lithonya inani labantu besizukulwane sasentwasahlobo," engeza.
Isiphakamiso siwukuqapha kokubili ukuguquguquka kwenani labantu abadala, kusukela endizeni yokuqala yonyaka, kanye nenkambiso yokuhlaselwa kweminqumo, kusukela endizeni yesibili yonyaka.
Ukuqapha indiza kufanele kwenziwe, masonto onke, ngezicupho ze-chromotropic noma ze-pheromone (isicupho esisodwa kuya kwabathathu sendawo evamile yehektha elilodwa/2.5‑izihlahla zomnqumo ezingama-280);ukuqapha ukuhlasela kufanele kwenziwe, masonto onke, ukusampula kweminqumo eyi-100 ngesiqephu somnqumo ngasinye (kucatshangelwa isilinganiso sehektha elilodwa/2.5 acre kanye nezihlahla zomnqumo ezingama-280).
Uma ukuhlasela kudlula umkhawulo wamaphesenti amahlanu (okunikezwa amaqanda aphilayo, izibungu zeminyaka yokuqala neyesibili) noma amaphesenti angu-10 (okunikezwa amaqanda aphilayo kanye nezibungu zeminyaka yokuqala), kungenzeka ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo evunyelwe yokubulala izibungu.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, ngokusekelwe olwazini lwendawo kanye nokuba yingozi kokuhlasela ngokuya ngemvamisa namandla, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenza isenzo sokuvimbela kanye/noma sokubulala kubantu abadala basehlobo lokuqala.
“Kufanele sicabangele ukuthi ezinye izisetshenziswa nemikhiqizo zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinsimini ezinkulu,” kusho uRicciolini."Abanye bavame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane."
Izihlahla zomnqumo ezinkulu (ngaphezu kwamahektha amahlanu/12.4 acres) zidinga izinto ezisetshenziswayo noma imikhiqizo yokuyenga ‘eheha futhi ibulale’ isenzo esihlose ukuyengela abesilisa nabesifazane abadala ekudleni noma emthonjeni we-pheromone bese bewabulala ngokuwagwinya (okunoshevu). isiyengo) noma ngokuthintana (ngendawo esebenzayo yedivayisi).
I-Pheromone ne-insecticide trap etholakala emakethe, kanye nezicupho ezenziwe ngezandla eziqukethe ama-protein baits zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza;ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insecticide yemvelo, i-Spinosad, ivunyelwe emazweni amaningana.
Ezindaweni ezincane kunconywa ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo enesenzo sokuxosha kwabesilisa nabesifazane kanye nemiphumela ephikisana ne-oviposition ngokumelene nabesifazane, njengethusi, i-kaolin, amanye amaminerali afana ne-zeolith ne-bentonite, kanye nenhlanganisela esekelwe ku-fungus, i-Beauveria bassiana.Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka mayelana nokwelashwa okubili kokugcina.
Abalimi ekulimeni okuhlanganisiwe bangasebenzisa, lapho kuvunyelwe, izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-Phosmet (organophosphate), i-Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) ne-Deltamethrin (e-Italy, le ester ye-pyrethroid ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezicupheni).
"Kuzo zonke izimo, inhloso ukuvimbela i-oviposition," kusho uRicciolini.”Esifundeni sethu, lokhu kusho ukumelana nabantu abadala bendiza yokuqala yasehlobo, eyenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.Kufanele sibheke njengemingcele ebucayi ukuthunjwa kokuqala kwabantu abadala ezicupheni, izimbobo zokuqala ze-oviposition kanye nokuqina komgodi esithelweni. "
“Kusukela endizeni yesibili yasehlobo kuqhubeke, ukungenelela kokuvimbela kunganqunywa ngokucabangela ubude besikhathi sokwenziwa komkhiqizo osetshenzisiwe, ukuphothulwa kwesigaba sangaphambilini (okungukuthi isigaba sokukhula esandulela esesikhulile) isigaba sesinambuzane, ukubanjwa kokuqala. yabantu abadala besizukulwane esedlule, kanye nezimbobo zokuqala ze-oviposition zesizukulwane esisha," kusho uRicciolini.
Amanani kawoyela omnqumo ePuglia ayaqhubeka nokushelela naphezu kokukhiqizwa okuphansi ngo-2020. UColdiretti ukholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni kumele enze okwengeziwe.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha omnqumo e-Italian extra virgin anezinkomba zendawo kwakhula kancane kancane eminyakeni emihlanu.
Amavolontiya e-Toscolano Maderno abonisa ukubaluleka kwezomnotho nezenhlalo kwezihlahla zomnqumo ezilahliwe.
Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela omnqumo okuningi kusavela kubalimi bendabuko eMedithera, amapulazi amasha agxile ezinsimini zezithelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi athola ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokukhiqiza.