Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogona kubatsira varimi kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvokudya, kuderedza kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvirimwa, uye kunyange kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere zvinoparadzirwa nezvipembenene, asi sezvo makemikoro aya achigonawo kupedzisira apinda muchikafu chevanhu, kuva nechokwadi chokuti chengeteko yacho inokosha.Kumushonga wezvipembenene unowanzo shandiswa unonzi glyphosate, vanhu vari kushushikana kuti chikafu chakachengeteka zvakadii uye kuti chimwe chezvakagadzirwa zvacho chakachengeteka sei chinonzi AMPA.Vatsvagiri veNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) vari kugadzira zvekushandisa kusimudzira kuyerwa kwakaringana kweglyphosate uye AMPA, iyo inowanzo kuwanikwa mune oat chikafu.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inogadza kushivirira kwemazinga emishonga yezvipembenene muzvokudya izvo zvichiri kunzi zvakachengeteka kudya.Vagadziri vechikafu vanoedza zvigadzirwa zvavo kuti vaone kuti vanotevedzera EPA mirau.Nekudaro, kuti vave nechokwadi chechokwadi chezviyero zvabuda, vanofanirwa kushandisa chinongedzo chinhu (RM) ine inozivikanwa glyphosate yemukati kuenzanisa nezvigadzirwa zvavo.
Mune oatmeal kana oatmeal-based zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa yakawanda yemishonga yezvipembenene, hapana inonongedza zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kuyera glyphosate (iyo inoshanda ingredient mune inotengeswa chigadzirwa Roundup).Nekudaro, chidimbu chidiki chekudya-chakavakirwa RM chinogona kushandiswa kuyera mamwe mishonga yezvipembenene.Kugadzira glyphosate uye kusangana nezvinodiwa nevagadziri, vaongorori veNIST vakagadzirisa nzira yekuyedza yekuongorora glyphosate mumasample gumi nematatu echikafu anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa kuti vaone zvinhu zvinongedzo zvevamiriri.Vakaona glyphosate mumasampuli ese, uye AMPA (ipfupi yeamino methyl phosphonic acid) yakawanikwa mumatatu awo.
Kwemakumi emakore, glyphosate yanga iri imwe yemishonga yakakosha yezvipembenene muUnited States nepasirese.Maererano nekuongorora kwe2016, muna 2014 chete, 125,384 metric toni yeglyphosate yakashandiswa muUnited States.Mushonga wesora, mushonga wezvipembenene, unoshandiswa kuparadza sora kana zvirimwa zvinokuvadza zvinokuvadza zvirimwa.
Dzimwe nguva, huwandu hwezvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene mukudya hushoma kwazvo.Nezve glyphosate, inogona zvakare kuputswa kuita AMPA, uye inogonawo kusiiwa pamichero, miriwo uye zviyo.Iyo inogona kuitika ye AMPA pahutano hwevanhu hainyatso kunzwisiswa uye ichiri inzvimbo inoshanda yekutsvagisa.Glyphosate inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mune zvimwe zviyo uye zviyo, zvakadai sebhari uye gorosi, asi oats inyaya inokosha.
Muongorori weNIST, Jacolin Murray akati: "Oats akasiyana sezviyo."“Takasarudza oats sechinhu chekutanga nekuti vanogadzira chikafu vanoshandisa glyphosate se desiccant kuomesa zvirimwa zvisati zvakohwa.Oats kazhinji ine glyphosate yakawanda.Phosphine."Mbeu dzakaoma dzinoita kuti kukohwa ukurumidze uye kunatsiridza kufanana kwechirimwa.Maererano nemunyori pamwe chete naJustine Cruz (Justine Cruz), nekuda kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kweglyphosate, glyphosate inowanzowanikwa yakakwirira mumatanho kupfuura mamwe mishonga yezvipembenene.
Iwo gumi nematatu oatmeal samples muchidzidzo aisanganisira oatmeal, diki kusvika yakanyanya kugadziridzwa oatmeal zviyo zvemangwanani, uye hupfu hweoat kubva kune zvakajairwa uye organic nzira dzekurima.
Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa nzira yakavandudzwa yekutora glyphosate kubva muzvokudya zvakasimba, zvakasanganiswa nemaitiro akajairwa anonzi liquid chromatography uye mass spectrometry, kuongorora glyphosate uye AMPA mumasampuli.Munzira yekutanga, sampuli yakasimba inonyungudutswa mumusanganiswa wemvura uye ipapo glyphosate inobviswa kubva muchikafu.Tevere, mune yemvura chromatography, iyo glyphosate uye AMPA mune yakatorwa sampu inoparadzaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu mumuenzaniso.Chekupedzisira, iyo mass spectrometer inoyera huwandu-ku-chaji reshiyo yemaion kuti ione makomisheni akasiyana mumuenzaniso.
Mhedzisiro yavo yakaratidza kuti organic breakfast cereal samples (26 ng pagiremu) uye organic oat hupfu masamples (11 ng pagiremu) aive nemazinga akaderera eglyphosate.Iyo yepamusoro-soro yeglyphosate (1,100 ng pagiramu) yakaonekwa mune yakajairwa instant oatmeal sample.Iyo AMPA yemukati mune organic uye yakajairwa oatmeal uye oat-based samples yakadzikira zvakanyanya pane iyo glyphosate yemukati.
Zviri mukati mezvose glyphosate uye AMPA mu oatmeal uye oat-based zviyo zviri pasi peEPA kushivirira kwe30 μg/g.Murray akati: "Chiyero chepamusoro cheglyphosate chatakayera chakaderera zvakapetwa makumi matatu pane inotarwa."
Zvichienderana nemigumisiro yechidzidzo ichi uye nhaurirano dzekutanga nevatambi vanofarira kushandisa RM ye oatmeal uye oat grains, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti kukudziridza mazinga akaderera eRM (50 ng per gram) uye mazinga epamusoro eRM anogona kubatsira.Imwe (500 nanograms pagiramu).Aya maRM anobatsira kumarabhoritari ezvekurima uye ezvekudya uye vagadziri vezvikafu, avo vanofanirwa kuyedza masara emishonga yezvipembenene mumidziyo yavo yakabikwa uye vanoda mwero chaiwo wekufananidza nawo.